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Romanesque Flashcards

1
Q

means “in the Roman style” or “Roman-like”

A

Romanesque

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2
Q

it took its name from its Roman origin and it owed something from the Byzantine art

A

Romanesque

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3
Q

it was a style greatly inspired by Christianity

A

Romanesque

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4
Q

originated in Western Europe (Italy, Germany, France, Spain, and Portugal and the British Isles) and in North Europe, The Scandinavian kingdoms

A

Romanesque Style

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5
Q

5 Materials used in the romanesque architecture geologically

A
  1. terra-cotta
  2. bricks
  3. concrete
  4. marble
  5. stones
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6
Q

part of Europe where it has large windows to admit light and high-pitched roofs to throw off snow (Climatic Influence)

A

North (dull climate)

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7
Q

part of Europe where small openings to exclude dazzling sunshine (climatic influence)

A

South (sunny)

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8
Q

the establishment of feudal systems and attacks from invaders led to the building of fortified castles (Influence)

A

Social

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9
Q

is a religion that is the chief source of education and culture

A

Christianity

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10
Q

where they put their material expression

A

Magnificent Cathedral Churches and Monastic buildings

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11
Q

the name of romanesque architecture because of priests and students in the monastery planned the village

A

sacred science

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12
Q

have as the same length as the transcept

A

greek cross

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13
Q

to protect the religion of christianity; military soldiers

A

crusades

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14
Q

the so-called “Red Cross” now

A

Knights Hospitaller

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15
Q

hard to penetrate by the enemy that’s why it’s placed at the middle

A

don jon

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16
Q

all castles are located or situated on a high mountain

A

don jon

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17
Q

makes the foundation strong

A

rampart

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18
Q

reason why they doesn’t bathe much and that’s why bath is not important in a castle

A

Cold weather/water

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19
Q

made of granite stone

A

krak des chevaliers, syria

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20
Q

it is the combination of the roman and byzantine architecture

A

romanesque

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21
Q

is characterized by the desire to articulate, to stress every structural division in order to produce unified compositions

A

Romanesque Architecture

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22
Q

latin cross with transcept. altar at east end, in the direction of jerusalem. main entrance from west

A

plans of romanesque architecture

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23
Q

on the lower floor or beneath the altar as a house of the relics of a saint

A

crypt

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24
Q

separate the congregation from the clergy

A

screen or parapet

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25
Q

located above the aisle above the gallery

A

triforium

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26
Q

located above the gallery

A

clerestory windows

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27
Q

vault for a square bay

A

quadripartite

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28
Q

vault for an oblong bay

A

sexpartite

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29
Q

pitched roofs in romanesque has _____

A

gables

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30
Q

located above the crossing of the nave and transcept

A

tower

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31
Q

located on the west entrance of a romanesque architecture

A

two towers

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32
Q

are round, square or octagonal roofs

A

towers with steep roofs

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33
Q

were used when the crossing of the nave and transcept was crowned by an octagonal tower

A

squinch arches

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34
Q

has corbels of projecting blocks of stones

A

wall feature

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35
Q

a row of corbels

A

corbel table

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36
Q

it has pilaster strips with arched moldings

A

wall feature

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37
Q

6 corbel table details

A
  1. pelican
  2. human head
  3. humanoid lion
  4. bear
  5. mustachioed head
  6. ibex
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38
Q

shape of the arch for window and door openings

A

round

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39
Q

doors are deeply recessed and flanked by a series of receding columns and arches known as ____

A

orders

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40
Q

located above the door and is filled with sculptures

A

tympanum

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41
Q

located above the principal door

A

rose or a wheel window

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42
Q

are narrow and small and made to look larger by the columns, arches and moulding which surround them

A

windows

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43
Q

are massive and cylindrical; has cushion capital

A

column feature

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44
Q

are elaborately carved

A

mouldings

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45
Q

feature of romanesque architecture which are animal and plant forms

A

ornaments

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46
Q

3 romanesque ornaments

A
  1. stained glass
  2. mosaic
  3. fresco painting
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47
Q

3 predominant building types:

A
  1. church
  2. monastery
  3. monastic village
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48
Q

group of buildings designed for all the occupations of the monks

A

monastic village

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49
Q

has chapter house, sacristy, dormitory, reflectory, kitchen

A

cloister court

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50
Q

has infirmary, guest house, kitchen, servants hall, library and scriptorium for writing

A

inner court

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51
Q

has granaries, bake houses, stables, store rooms, abbot’s lodging and barn

A

common court

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52
Q

a distinctive characteristic of church planning in Romanesque architecture

A

the three-apse plan of trefoil form

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53
Q

4 gables forming a pyramidal roof with 4 diamond-shaped sides meeting at the apex

A

helm roof

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54
Q

A romanesque architectural character that are reliefs in the walls

A

pilaster strips

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55
Q

bricks used externally as an architectural feature

A

coloured bricks

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56
Q

keeps the coffins of 4 kings and 4 emperors

A

the crypt of the magnificent Speyer Cathedral, Germany

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57
Q

remains the largest Romanesque church in germany. It is a major monument of Romanesque art and was added in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1981

A

The Speyer Cathedral

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58
Q

a cathedral in germany that has interior fresco and red sandstone walls

A

Speyer Cathedral

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59
Q

cathedral that has apses at both ends and has 4 round towers and interior is built in red sandstone

A

worms cathedral

60
Q

represents the high point of Romanesque cathedral architecture in Germany

A

Mainz Cathedral

61
Q

was built by Emperor Charlemagne as his tomb. It was the coronation church of the Holy Roman Emperors. It was inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1978

A

Aix-La-Chapelle

62
Q

Constantine began its construction to celebrate the 20th anniversary of his reign

A

Trier Cathedral

63
Q

the most important relic placed in a small chapel inside the Trier cathedral

A

the Holy Robe of Christ

64
Q

is the oldest in the country and listed in the UNESCO World heritage list in 1986

A

trier cathedral

65
Q

is one of a series of ‘trefoil’ churches in the city. The towers are crowned with the helm roof

A

church of the apostles, keln

66
Q

was constructed of the late romanesque period

A

church of the apostles

67
Q

with a three-apse plan, is the largest of the 12 romanesque churches in cologne

A

Saint Maria in the Capitol

68
Q

the architecture of its eastern end forms a trefoil plan. its soaring tower is a landmark of cologne’s old town

A

st. martin’s church, koln, germany

69
Q

is probably the earliest instance of a church with an apse at both ends

A

gernrode abbey (st. cyriakus)

70
Q

is a benedictine church built of local lava. the exterior is a fine grouping of 6 towers, double transepts and east and west apses

A

maria laach abbey

71
Q

is one of the most accomplished buildings of the late romanesque

A

limburg cathedral

72
Q

according to the medieval legend, the name patron of this cathedral was a roman officer, who died along with 318 legionaries for his faith

A

st. gereon, cologne

73
Q

is the youngest romanesque church in koln

A

st. kunibert

74
Q

was a ring and bailey castle built in early Norman by William the Conqueror

A

Corfe castle, dorset

75
Q

William the conqueror rebuilt the fortification with Purbeck stone to ensure its durability for use as a royal fortress

A

Corfe caste, dorset

76
Q

considered the finest limestone in England

A

Purbeck stone

77
Q

It was served by the surrounding community in return for the use of homes and land as well as shelter in the castle in times of trouble

A

Corfe caste, dorset

78
Q

was built in the 2nd half of the 19th century by the 3rd earl of limerick and designed by Edward William Goodwin

A

Dromore castle, limerick, Ireland

79
Q

The well-preserved keep, is “one of the most remarkable keeps in England”, is of a unique design and probably based on Byzantine architecture

A

Orford castle, Suffolk, England

80
Q

The keep became less magnificent as the strength of the outer defenses was increased

A

Tower of London

81
Q

is the largest inhabited castle in the world with a staff of 500. It is also the oldest in continuous occupation and is the longest-occupied palace in Europe. The castle’s floor area is about 45,000 sqm.

A

Windsor castle

82
Q

It is notable for its long association with the British royal family.

A

Windsor castle

83
Q

is the best surviving example of a coastal Crusader castle

A

Chateau De Mer, Sidon, Lebanon

84
Q

was built by the Templars with the help of the Teptonic Knights and the pilgrims from whom it derived its name
It stands upon a peninsula commanding the approach to one of the principal passes. It was the only castle never taken by siege

A

Chastel Pelerin (Pilgrims’ Castle), Attic

85
Q

3 Types of Castles

A
  1. Pilgrim Forts
  2. Coastal fortification
  3. Strategic inland castles
86
Q

sited to secure the routes from coastal ports to Jerusalem. It has a thin curtain wall with rectangular corner towers, a large fosse or ditch and an outer earth rampart

A

Pilgrim Forts

87
Q

protect the coast roads, safeguard mountain passes and provide visual command of the approach routes

A

Strategic inland castles

88
Q

coastal ports were fortified to secure the sea links

A

Coastal fortification

89
Q

Its most magnificent feature is the 28m deep ditch

A

Saone castle (Sahyoun or Salah Ed-Din), Syria

90
Q

guards a pass through the Lebanon mountains

A

The Beaufort, Lebanon

91
Q

is a defensive earthen bank surrounding a castle

92
Q

are upstanding parts of an embattled parapet between 2 crenels. The crenels allow the firing of arrows

A

The merlons

93
Q

is the courtyard-like area of ground enclosed by a stone wall where the domestic buildings of the castle were

A

Bailey or ward

94
Q

are deterrent to mining and to deflect missiles.

95
Q

is a deep and wide trench filled with water around the rampart of a fortified castle

96
Q

14 Castle features

A 
1 Moat 
2 Towers 
3 Bailey or ward 
4 The merlons 
5 Rampart
6 Garderobe 
7 Motte 
8 Crenellations 
9 Machicolations 
10 Drawbridge 
11 gatehouse 
12 Talus/Glacis 
13 Curtain walls 
14 Keep of donjon
97
Q

contained a series of defenses to make a direct assault more difficult than battering down a simpler gate

98
Q

are the enclosing defensive walls of a castle

A

Curtain walls

99
Q

caste waste outflow

100
Q

The most remarkable feature of the inner castle is the colossal glacis or talus

A

Krak Des Chevaliers, Syria

101
Q

was made famous by the Crusaders and is more imposing than beautiful

A

Kerak Castle, Moab, Jordan

102
Q

was the biggest of all the Crusaders’ castles

A

Margat (Qafaat al-Marqab) Castle, Lebanon, by the Knights Hospitaller

103
Q

is the inner tower for refuge during a siege

A

Keep of donjon

104
Q

is a bold sloping thickness at the foot of walls to protect them from undermining

A

Talus/Glacis

105
Q

is a wooden bridge leading to a gateway, capable of being raised or lowered to either accommodate or prevent entry into the castle

A

Drawbridge

106
Q

earthen conical mound of a castle

107
Q

are projecting parapets allowing floor openings, through which molten lead, boiling oil or stones are dropped down below

A

Machicolations (murder holes)

108
Q

was originally built by William the Conqueror

A

Windsor Castle

109
Q

is a historic monument in the center of London England on the north bank of the river Thames

A

The tower of London

110
Q

is dominated by the huge square white tower, which was started by the invading Norman king, William the Conqueror

A

The tower of London

111
Q

battlements) at the top of curtain walls

A

Crenellations

112
Q

was the headquarters of the Knights Hospitaller. It is the best preserved medieval military castle in the world and the most wholly admirable castle in the world.

A

Krak Des Chevaliers, Syria (also known as the Krak of the Knights)

113
Q

Together with Buckingham palace in London and Holyrood palace in Edinburgh, it is one of the 3 principal official residences of the British monarch Queen Elizabeth II spends many weekends in the year at the castle using it for both state and private entertaining

A

windsor castle

114
Q

2 Principal military orders

A
  1. Knights Templar

2. Knights Hospitaller

115
Q

were founded in 1119 to protect the holy places in palastine and to safeguarf the pilgrim routes to jerusalem

A

Knights Templar (“poor fellow-soldiers of Christ and of the temple of solomon”)

116
Q

They were the oldest of the western christitan military orders having existed for nearly two centuries during the middle ages

A

Knights Templar

117
Q

were a group of men attached to a hospital in Jerusalem that was founded by blessed Gerard aound 1023 out of which two major orders of chivalry evolved, the order of st. john and the order of st. lazarus

A

Knights hospitaller

118
Q

were among the most famous and the most skilled fighting units of the crusades.

A

The Knights Templar

119
Q

built fortifications across Europe and the Holy Land

A

Non-combatant members of the order

120
Q
  1. was founded during the late 11th century under Augustinian rule to protect and care for sick or injured pilgrims to the Holy land.
A

Knights Hospitaller (“Knights if the order of saint john of Jerusalem”)

121
Q

were private strongholds for king or lord and were an outcome of the feudal system. Of some fifteen hundred castles in England, more than twelve hundred were founded during the 11th and 12th centuries.

122
Q

became more important as residences and statements of power

123
Q

geographical origin of romanesque

A

western europe (italy, germany, france, spain, and portugal and the british isles)

northern europe (the scandinavian kingdoms)

124
Q

facade has ornamental wall passages which rose one above the other sometimes even into the gables

A

central italy

125
Q

flat facade with projecting porch

A

north italy

126
Q

materials found in italy

A
  1. tufa
  2. marble
  3. bricks
  4. peperino
  5. limestone
  6. travertine
127
Q

this was italy’s principal innovation

A

ribbed vault

128
Q

has colored mosaic from byzantine influence

A

south italy and sicily

129
Q

type of marbles from Moslem influence

A

stripes of colored marbles

130
Q

type of arches from Moslem influence

A

stilted pointed arches

131
Q

plan and columns character from Norman influence

A

cruciform plan and coupled columns

132
Q

is one of the finest of the romanesque period

A

pisa cathedral

133
Q

with baptistery, campanile and campo santo form one of the most famous building groups in the world

A

pisa cathedral

134
Q

has exterior bands of colored marble

A

pisa cathedral

135
Q

became an integral part of the church group. is a circular tower, 16m in diameter rising in 8 storeys of encircling arcades

A

campanille, pisa

136
Q

this world famous leaning tower is its most arresting feature. a belfry was added in 1350

A

campanille, pisa

137
Q

became an integral part of the church group and as used for the sacrament of baptism

A

baptistery, pisa

138
Q

was designed by diotisalvi (God save You) on a circular plan with a diameter of 39.3m

A

baptistery, pisa

139
Q

was constructed to consolidate the remains of people who were once buried throughout the field of miracles

A

campo santo, pisa

140
Q

arcade facade in black and white marble

A

pistoia cathedral

141
Q

is one of the most beautiful churches in the city

A

san miniato al monte, florence

142
Q

stands atop one of the highest points in the city

A

san miniato al monte, florence

143
Q

has a beatiful blind arcading of white and green marble

A

san miniato al monte, florence

144
Q

interior has white and green marble paneling. it has brightly colored open timber ceiling. the sanctuary has windows of translucent marble instead of glass

A

san miniato al monte, florence

145
Q

facade similar to the style of the pisan group

A

san martino, lucca

146
Q

facade similar to the style of the pisan group

A

san michele, lucca

147
Q

is dazzling example of romanesque architecture. the marble facade has two rows of colonnades, rose windows and a porch surrounded by a shrine

A

cremona cathedral, lombardy

HOA 1 (4 decks)

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