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HOA 1 > Byzantine architecture > Flashcards

Byzantine architecture Flashcards

0
Q

Two centers developed by the christian church

A
  1. The roman catholic, the western church in rome (latin church)
  2. The eastern orthodox, the eastern church in Constantinople (greek church)
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1
Q

Origin of byzantine architecture

A

Europe

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2
Q

Is a federation of self-governing national churches. Has patriarchs in important eastern cities like istanbul, alexandria and jerusalem and archbishops and bishops but no pope or papacy

A

Eastern orthodox church

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3
Q

3 well known orthodox church

A
  1. The greek orthodox
  2. The russian orthodox
  3. The coptic (egyptian) orthodox church
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4
Q

Was most important church in christendom. Has priests bishops archbishops and headed by a pope

A

Roman church

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5
Q

When rome fell as a political power, it become the most dominant institution in rome

A

Roman church

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6
Q

5 similarities of the eastern orthodox and roman catholicism

A
  1. Acceptance of tradition
  2. Episcopal hierarchy
  3. Observance of seven sacraments
  4. Veneration of mary as mother of god
  5. Sacraments are called holy mysteries of which baptism and holy eucharist are the most important
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7
Q

Greek word meaning general or universal

A

Katholikos

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8
Q

This united the two churches religiously in spite of the different language, customs and institutions

A

Christian faith

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9
Q

Granted the toleration of christians which followed the building of churches

A

The edict of milan by constantine and licinius

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11
Q

Forbade all representations of human or animal forms in sculptures which affected byzantine church architecture

A

The iconoclastic movement

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12
Q

2 important characteristics of the byzantine style of ornamentation

A

the absence of sculptured figures, while colored pictures are generally flat and stylized

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13
Q

are distinguished by the centralized type of plan having a dome over the nave

A

byzantine architecture

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14
Q

became the prevailing motif of byzantine architecture

A

dome

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15
Q

screen of pictures; cut off the east end of the church from the nave

A

iconostas

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16
Q

chief features

A

small windows and arcades with open courts

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17
Q

3 types of dome

A
  1. simple dome
  2. compound dome
  3. melon shaped dome
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18
Q

kind of roof combined with domes

A

flat roof

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19
Q

dome and pendentive are parts of the same sphere

A

simple dome

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20
Q

is a triangular curved overhanging surfaceto support a circular dome over a square or polygonal compartment

A

pendentive

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21
Q

dome constructed separately from the pendentive

A

compound dome

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22
Q

2 types of compound dome

A

a dome on top of a pendentive

dome raised on a drum on top of a pendentive

23
Q

dome with convolutions or ribs

A

melon shaped dome

24
Q

3 materials where mosaics are made of

A
  1. glass
  2. tiles
  3. marbles
25
Q

One of the small squares of stone or glass used in making mosaic patterns

A

tesserae

26
Q

8 ornament motifs

A
  1. fish
  2. dove
  3. peacock
  4. lamb
  5. grapevine
  6. endless knot
  7. chi rho
  8. symbolic group of saints
27
Q

is mentioned and given symbolic meaning several times in the gospels. it is also a symbol for jesus

A

fish (ikhthus)

28
Q

symbol of peace and unity

A

dove

29
Q

emblem of immortality and resurrection

A

peacock

30
Q

refers to jesus’ role as a sacrifice atoning for the sins of man in christian theology

A

lamb (good shepherd)

31
Q

the idea of the vital union of the believers with christ and among each other is symbolized by the vine and its branches

A

grapevine

32
Q

emblem of eternity

A

endless knot

33
Q

is formed by superimposing the first two letters of the word christ in greek. it invokes the crucifixion of jesus as well as symbolizing his status as christ

A

chi rho

34
Q

2 architectural character of byzantine architecture (ornaments)

A
  1. mosaic

2. fresco painting

35
Q

the art of painting on fresh, moist plaster with pigments dissolved in water

A

fresco painting

36
Q

utilized tiny, geometrically, shaped pieces of colored stone and glass paste that were arranged in intricate geometric patterns dotted with large disks of semiprecious stones

A

opus alexandrinum

37
Q

are made from larger specially cut pieces usually of tile or stone

A

opus sectile

38
Q

are massive with cubiform capitals often with dosseret block to support the voissoir of an arch

A

columns

39
Q

is a former orthodox patriarchal basilica later a mosque and now a museum

A

hagia sophia (“holy wisdom”)

40
Q

the stones areframed all round with bricks

A

cloeisonne technique

41
Q

the facing of this church was executed usingthe cloeisonne technique

A

monastery church at hosios loukas, phocia, greece

42
Q

is the oldest church in athens

A

the church of the holy apostles

43
Q

is popular for the representation of the incidents from the old and new testaments

A

st. mark, venice

44
Q

the interior and the exterior are lavishly decorated with elaborate mosaic, much of it in shimmering gold

A

st. mark, venice

45
Q

was built for the most important state ceremonies. it was faced with limestone

A

catheral of the assumption, russia

46
Q

has the ogee arch as the dominant motif

A

the annunciation cathedral, kremlin, moscow

47
Q

has steep bulbous domes to throw off snow

A

S. Sophia, Novgorod

48
Q

has 13 domes and has mosaic interior decorations

A

S. Sophia, Kiev

49
Q

is famous for its elaborately carved exterior

A

cathedral of st. demetrius, vladimir

50
Q

is a russian orthodox cathedral built by ivan iv in 1555. it is the most recognizable symbol of russia

A

s. basil the blessed cathedral, red square, moscow

51
Q

the building’s design, shaped as a frame of a bonfire rising into the sky has no analogues in russian architecture

A

s. basil the blessed cathedral, red square, moscow

52
Q

has 9 unique onion domes, each with 9 individual chapels. each dome isdifferent and painted in the most brilliant colors. the architect was postnik yakovlev

A

s. basil

53
Q

it has strangeness that astonishes by its unexpectedness, complexity and dazzling interleaving of the manifold details of its design

A

s. basil dome detail, moscow

54
Q

Was founded by Constantine over the traditional birthplace of Christ

A

Church of the Nativity, Bethlehem, Palestine

HOA 1 (4 decks)

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