Roman Republic Flashcards
Impact of Etruscans on early Italian development
- developed and expanded trade routes = cultural contact
- introduction of a complex irrigation system = increased agricultural production
- increased puplation resulted in sity-states
Reasons for the rise of Rome
1) Rome’s geographical position on the Italian Peninsula
2) development of a republic gov’t increased citizen involvement and loyalty of masses
3) early military successes = nationalism & cultural superiority
4) early Roman expansion was successful b/c of fair and restrained treatment of conquered city-states
5) Periods of stron positive leadership
6) periods of instablility lead to positive effective change
What was Rome’s “defensive philosophy”?
“get them before they get you”
Know the outcome and impact of 2nd Punic War
outcome: Hannibal is forced to flee and Carthage is defeated.
Impact:
1) Carthage loses all terriroty (except city)
2) Carthage has to destroy navy
3) pay war reparations
4)Rome becomes ruler of Western Mediterranean
Problems with Rome during late Republic Age
1) open rebellion in outlying provinces
2) Rotation of the politcal system protected aristocratic interests but not middle class
3) uneven distribution of wealth
4) more slave labor = less small farmer
5) attempts for reform resisted by aristocrats
6) political power passed to individual generals
Reforms by Julius Caesar
- paid each soldier $3,000
- hosted a feast for all Roman citizens
- increased senate from 600 to 900 members
- distributed land to veterans and poor
- required a test for grain handout
- took a census of Italy
- recreated the calender with 365 days
- reduced the number of slaves
Why did Carthage and Rome become bitter rivals?
they both fought for control of the western Mediterranean
Who was Tiberius?
ruled during death of Jesus; son of Augustus; out of paranoia, he fled to Capri
Impact of plebian sit-down strike in Rome
Aristocrats allow Plebian Assembly to select 2 reps (tributes) which will “advise” the aristocratic Senate of plebian needs
Who was Hannibal?
son of Hamiclar; elected commander after the death of Hasdrubal the Handsome
Reforms of the Gracchus brothers? (Tiberius & Gauis
1) encourage colonization of dispossessed farmers
2) divide state owned land among farmers
3) sell low cost grain to the urban poor
4) workfare
5) extend political citizenshhip to all italians
What happened to the Gracchus brothers?
They were murdered because aristocrats didn’t like what they were doing
Impact of corrupt generals, high inflation, and political assassination in Rome at the end of the Republican Age
Republican Rome is dying!
Who made up the First Triumvirate?
Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus
Who was Bibulus?
- in a co-consulship with Caesar
- Caesar had him harrassed to such an extent he wouldn’t go out in public
