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Western Civilization A > Ancient Greece > Flashcards

Ancient Greece Flashcards

1
Q

Origins of Western civilization

A

Minoans – Island of Crete

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2
Q

What factors contributed to the rise of Minoan society?

A

large navy and merchant fleet
prolonged peace
cultural contact with Egypt & the Near East
-Mesopotamia

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3
Q

Causes of Mycenae’s war with Troy

2 major rivals

A

Helen
Blocked (Mycenaen) tade routes
Clash of cultures

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4
Q

How did Mycenaen society come to an end

A

Through a series of invasions by the Dorians

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5
Q

Whn were the Greek Dark Ages?

A

1100 - 800 BCE

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6
Q

What was life like during the Greek Dar Ages?

A 
constant warfare
art and culture decreased
people went back to nomadic hunt/gather
deep-rooted hatreds develop
no centralization
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7
Q

What was the impact of Greek colonizatino (800 - 500 BCE)?

A

Greek colonies took on the image of Greek city-states; colonies expanded trade and resources; diffusion of Greek culture; war with Persia; development of humanism

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8
Q

What is Humanism?

A

the belief that people are good and have unlimited potential when given the opportunity; self reliant; capable of great achievement

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9
Q

List the political reforms of Solon

A
  • cancelled all debt (public/private)
  • made everyone equal under the law
  • trial by jury (used lottery system)
  • Amnesty for political crimes
  • Graduated tax system
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10
Q

Lies the political reforms of Cleisthenes

A
  • made all Athenian men voting members of the Assembly
  • transforms Athens from a dictarorship to direct democracy
  • Establishes ostracism (loss of citizenship & property and exiled for 10 years)
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11
Q

What was the role of the individual in Sparta?

A

serve the state

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12
Q

What was the impact of cultural contact with the MInoans on acient Greece?

A

the torch of knowledge got passed from the Minoans to the Mycenaens

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13
Q

Know the weaknesses of the Athenian deocratic process

A

slow; inefficient; decentralized; selected leader with the lottery system

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14
Q

List Peisistratus’ reforms

A
  • divided state owned land amon the poor
  • Divided land owned by banished aristocrats to the poor workfare (build temples, roads etc.)
  • offered gov’t support to colonists
  • expanded foreign markets
  • BUTTER over GUNS
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15
Q

What was the Spartan Solution?

A

all guns, no butter

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16
Q

What were the causes of the Peloponnesian War?

A

Athens spread democracy; Sparta spreads totalitarian (autocracy)
2 major powers in the region
Athens trade in Peloponnesus
Competition for neutral city-states

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17
Q

Know the Spartan political structure

A

2 Kings (Dual Monarchy)
Spartan Citizens
Periocci (freed men)
Helots (Serfs)

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18
Q

What was the role of women in Athens?

A
  • couldn’t vote or leave house
  • no formal education
  • couldn’t inherit property
  • always the poperty of someone (father, husband)
  • only profession = prostiution
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19
Q

Role of Individualism in Athens

A

to promote/ glorify the individual

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20
Q

What is an open society? (matching)

A

one in which citizens, goods, and ideas can move/travel freel

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21
Q

What is a closed society? (matching)

A

refused all cultural contact (opposite of open society)

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22
Q

What is ostracism? (matching)

A

a way of removing a corrupt political official

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23
Q

What is an oligarchy? (matching)

A

rule by a few

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24
Q

What is a pure democracy? (matching)

A

aka direct democracy

all political citizens vote directly on issues

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25
Q

What is a republic? (matching)

A

a type of democracy with representatives not elected by citizens

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26
Q

What is ecomonic worth? (matching)

A

the idea that economic contribution leads to political citizenship

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27
Q

What is a cultural diffuser? (matching)

A

spreads culture

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28
Q

What is a democratic-republic? (matching)

A

citizens elect representatives

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29
Q

What is a cultural linker? (mathcing)

A

preserves culture for future generations

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30
Q

Battle of Marathon (matching)

A

Greeks defeat King Darius I (490 BCE) – Spartans weren’t there

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31
Q

Battle of Thermopylae (matching)

A

300 Spartans make a herioc stand against the Persians

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32
Q

Battle of Salamis (matching)

A

Themistocles saves Western Civilization

33
Q

Battle of the Granicus River (matching)

A

Alexander the Great is almost killed

34
Q

Battle of the Granicus River (matching)

A

Alexander defeats the Persian Empire

35
Q

Who was Themistocles? (matching)

A

hero at Salamis

36
Q

Who was Xerxes? (matching)

A

Defeated at Salamis (Persian King)

37
Q

Who was Leonidas? (matching)

A

lead the 300 Spartans at Thermopylae

38
Q

Who was Darius I? (matching)

A

Defeated at Marathon

39
Q

Who was Cyrus the Great? (matching)

A

1st king of Persia and ended Babylonian Captivity (Jews could go home)

40
Q

Who was Solon? Drastic measure? (matching)

A

Athenian Dictator – cancelled all public and private devt

41
Q

Who was Draco? What did he do? (matching)

A

known for harsh punishment; 1st to write down the laws

42
Q

Who was Peisistratus? Concept? (matching)

A

“people’s dictator”; allied himself with common people; concept of economic worth

43
Q

Who was Cleithenes? He was..? (matching)

A

the “father of Athenian democracy”

44
Q

Who was Pericles? What age? (matching)

A

ruled during the Golden Age

45
Q

Territories conquered by Alexander… What direction?

A

Greece to East

46
Q

What are some Athenian values?

A

humanism, individualism, and freedom

47
Q

What are some Spartan values?

A

obedience, sacrafice, militarism, servitude (of state)

48
Q

___ % of of Athenians could vote

A

10

49
Q

Role of women in Sparta.. vote?

A

practically equal to men but couldn’t vote

50
Q

“Return with your shield or on it”

A

win or die trying

51
Q

Who was King Phillip II of Macedon? What was he the first to do?

A

the first to unite Greece since Agamemnon (ruled through the league of Corinth)

52
Q

Who likely assassinated Phillip?

A

Wife (Olimpius) and Alexander

53
Q

Put the following people in chronological order… Alexander, Phillip, Pericles and Solon

A

Solon, Pericles, Phillip, and Alexander

54
Q

What sort of things was Alexander taugh as a youth? ***

A

not taught to appreciate democracy

55
Q

What was significant about the battle of Chaeronea?

A

Battle at which Phillip conquers all of Greece

56
Q

What part did Alexander play at Chaeronea?

A

personally lead the cavalry

57
Q

List the characteristics of Alexander

A

AMBITIOUS

energetic, intelligent, charismatic, brave, warm-hearted, generous, cruel, inspirational, volatile, determined

58
Q

What was the League of Corinth?

A

a federation of all Greek city-states (like UN)

59
Q

Describe Alexander as an administrator

A

competent, kind, firm, kept his promises, tolerated no oppression of his subjects

60
Q

What Greek city did Alexander detroy because it revolted against his rule?

A

Thebes – thought he was dead

61
Q

What was Alexander’s favorite book?

A

the Illiad

62
Q

How did Alexander treat the Greek cities in Asia Minor (what did he grant them)?

A

he freed them and allowed them democratic self-government (this wouldn’t repeat)

63
Q

What was significant about the Battle of Granicus River?

A

Alexander was almost killed

64
Q

Who was Alexander’s hero?

A

Achilles

65
Q

Who was Batis? What did Alexander do to him?

A

Gaza’s military commander during a long siege – had holes drilled into his feet and ropes looped through them. he then dragged the dead body around the city behind his chariot.

66
Q

What did the Oracle at Siwa tell Alexander?

A

he was the son of Ammon = he is a god

67
Q

Who was Darius III?

A

He was the Persian King at the time of Alexander.

68
Q

What was significant about the battle of Gaugamela?

A

Alexander vs. Darius III part 2: it was Darius’s last defeat

69
Q

Describe Alexander’s treatmentof Persepolis. Why was he so brutal here?

A

took it by force, burned it to the gournd, killed all of them and raped all of the women. Brutal b/c800 Greek colonists were found with arms legs &ears cut off and eyes gauged out.

70
Q

Who was King Porus?

A

Indian King; with his war elephants he put up a tough battle but later befriended Alexander

71
Q

What steps did Alexander take to consolidate (hybridize) his 2 empires?

A
  • married 2 Persian women
  • convinced nearly 300 of his men to also marry Persian women in a “mass nuptial”
  • drafted 30,000 Persian boys into his army
72
Q

How did Alexander respond to the death of Hephaestion?

A
  • cut off his hair
  • spent $60 million building a memorial to him
  • had an entire tribe of people slain as sacrifices to his “ghost”
73
Q

What did Alexander most likely die from?

A

ALCOHOL POISONING
malaria
assassination (by poisoning)

74
Q

Explain the legacy of Alexander

A
  • end to era of city-states
  • created largest empire (centralized)
  • theocratic gov’t
  • propaganda
  • imperialism
  • shaving!
  • cultural diffuser and linker
75
Q

What kingdoms emerged from Alexander’s?

A

1) Antigonid Kingdom
2) Kingdom of Ptolomies
3) Kingdom of Pergamum

76
Q

What do Alexander’s emerged kingdoms have in common?

A

all of these kingdoms were eventually defeated by the Romans

77
Q

What happened to Alexander’s 8 year old son?

A

he was murdered

78
Q

What happens in Greece due to the pwer vauum created by Alexander’s death?

A

42 year Civil War – “Period of the Dictators”

79
Q

Who founded the famous city of Alexandria, Egypt

A

Alexander the Great

Western Civilization A (4 decks)

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