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World history I exam 1 > Roman Republic > Flashcards

Roman Republic Flashcards

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1
Q

When did the Roman Republic exist?

A

509 BC - 27 BC

Roman Republic

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2
Q

When was Julius Caesar assassinated?

A

44 BC

Julius Caesar assassinated

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3
Q

When did the Roman Empire (at least in the West) begin and end?

A

27 BC - 476 AD

Birth & Fall of the Roman Empire (at least in the West)

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4
Q

What was the period of Roman Peace known as?

A

27 BC - 180 AD

Pax Romana (Roman Peace)

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5
Q

When was Jerusalem destroyed by Titus?

A

70 AD

Jerusalem destroyed by Titus

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6
Q

What was Gaul in ancient times?

A

Ancient region of Europe (present-day France)

Gaul - ancient region of Europe (present-day France)

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7
Q

What did the term ‘Proletariat’ mean in Roman usage?

A

Described the lowest class who paid no taxes and served the state only by producing children (‘proles’)

Proletariat (Roman usage)

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8
Q

How did Roman Political Life transition chronologically?

A

From a republic, to a dictator, to an empire

Roman Political Life - Transitioned (Chronologically) from: a republic, to a dictator, to an empire

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9
Q

Where was Rome located geographically?

A

Central location, on the Tiber River, hills for protection

Rome - central location, on the Tiber River, hills for protection

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10
Q

Who ruled the family unit in the early Roman world?

A

Father (paterfamilias)

Father ruled the family unit (paterfamilias)

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11
Q

What was the role of the Patricians in Roman society?

A

Wealthy, controlled the Senate

Patricians - c. 10% of population, wealthy, controlled the Senate

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12
Q

What did the Plebeians represent in Roman society?

A

The people

Plebeians - c. 90% of the people

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13
Q

What was the Senate in Roman political life?

A

Council of nobles

Senate - Council of nobles

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14
Q

What was the Tribal Assembly’s role in Roman political life?

A

Representing plebeian concerns (plebeian rise)

The Tribal Assembly, representing plebeian concerns (plebeian rise)

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15
Q

What did Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV attempt to do?

A

Destroy Judaism

Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV attempted to destroy Judaism

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16
Q

What was celebrated by the feast of Dedication?

A

Restoration of Temple worship - Known as Hanukkah

Temple worship was restored - celebrated by the feast of Dedication - Known as Hanukkah

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17
Q

How was the Government divided?

A

Patricians (10%)

Plebeians (90%)

Senate

Tribal Assembly

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18
Q

Who had a magnificent navy in the Punic Wars?

A

Carthage had a magnificent navy

Example sentence: Carthage’s navy was a formidable force in the ancient Mediterranean.

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19
Q

2nd Punic War

What general was very successful?

What happens to that general?

A

Carthaginian General Hannibal was very successful

Rome’s Scipio beats Hannibal

Example sentence: Hannibal’s tactics during the 2nd Punic War were legendary.

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20
Q

Roman Republic - strife

A

Cooperation deteriorated & internal dissension tore Rome apart

Example sentence: The Roman Republic faced internal strife that weakened its governance.

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21
Q

Roman Republic - Large plantations

A

Large plantations (aka latifundia)

Example sentence: Latifundia were large agricultural estates in ancient Rome.

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22
Q

Roman Republic - Gracchi brothers

A

The Gracchi brothers attempted reform, but faced an uncompromising Senate

Example sentence: The Gracchi brothers’ reforms were met with resistance from the Roman Senate.

23
Q

Roman Republic - Spartacus

A

Spartacus - a gladiator in Rome who led a slave revolt

Example sentence: Spartacus’ slave revolt challenged the authority of Rome.

24
Q

Roman Civil Wars - Military changes

A

Gaius Marius restructured the army

Example sentence: Gaius Marius introduced significant military reforms during the Roman Civil Wars.

25
Q

1st Roman Civil War - rivals & victory

A

Rivals Cornelius Sulla & Gaius Marius vied for military command,
ended in a complete victory for Sulla

Example sentence: Sulla emerged victorious in the 15th Roman Civil War.

26
Q

Julius Caesar - Gaul conquest, how long did it take? what happened after?

A

Caesar gained control of legions in Gaul - after conquering Gaul (10 year effort) & invading Britain, he had fortune & loyal military followers

Example sentence: Julius Caesar’s conquest of Gaul solidified his military power.

27
Q

Julius Caesar - what river did he cross? What does “crossing the …” mean?

A

Caesar crossed the Rubicon river
phrase ‘crossing the Rubicon’ = an irrevocable decision

Example sentence: Crossing the Rubicon marked a point of no return for Julius Caesar.

28
Q

Julius Caesar - Impact

A
  • responsible for the death /enslavement of over 1 million people
  • met Cleopatra & took her back to Rome (had an illegitimate son)
  • changed the calendar

Example sentence: Julius Caesar’s actions had far-reaching consequences for the Roman Empire.

29
Q

Second Triumvirate - who was it made up from?

A

Mark Antony (Caesar’s lieutenant)

Octavian (Caesar’s grand-nephew)

Lepidus

Example sentence: The Second Triumvirate was a political alliance that aimed to stabilize Rome after Caesar’s assassination.

30
Q

Second Triumvirate - Battle of Actium

A

Antony & Octavian settled their dispute in a naval battle near Actium

Example sentence: The Battle of Actium marked the end of the Second Triumvirate’s internal conflict.

31
Q

Who attempted reform but faced an uncompromising Senate?

A

The Gracchi brothers

32
Q

Who led a slave revolt?

A

The gladiator Spartacus

33
Q

What happened after Caesar’s death?

A

The 2nd Triumvirate (Antony, Octavian & Lepidus)

Antony & Octavian settled their dispute in a naval battle near Actium

34
Q

Emperor Claudius is associated with which Roman occupation?

A

Roman occupation of Britain

Example sentence: Emperor Claudius led the Roman conquest of Britain.

35
Q

Who functioned as “first citizen” in the Roman Empire?
maintained near-total control of the army?
had legislation against adultery?

A

Octavian (aka: Augustus Caesar)

Example sentence: Octavian, also known as Augustus Caesar, held the title of “first citizen” in the Roman Empire.

36
Q

What was the phrase used to describe the Roman peace?

A

“Pax Romana”

Example sentence: The “Pax Romana” was a period of relative peace and stability in the Roman Empire.

37
Q

Who split the Roman Empire into the Tetrarchy?

A

Emperor Diocletian

Example sentence: Emperor Diocletian implemented the Tetrarchy system of sharing power among four rulers in the Roman Empire.

38
Q

What victory did Constantine achieve?

A

Victory at the Milvian Bridge

Example sentence: Constantine secured a significant victory at the Milvian Bridge, leading to his rise to power.

39
Q

Who was declared as king of the Jews by Octavian and Antony?

A

Herod the Great

Example sentence: Octavian and Antony declared Herod the Great as the king of the Jews.

40
Q

Which Roman Emperor moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium?

A

Constantine

Example sentence: Constantine relocated the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium, renaming it Constantinople.

41
Q

What was Rome’s contributions to western civilization?

A

Military science

Romance languages

Architecture & engineering

Environment for Christianity’s birth & expansion

Example sentence: Rome’s legacy includes advancements in military science that influenced western civilization.

42
Q

What is cited as one of the reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire?

A

Technological innovation stagnated

Example sentence: The stagnation of technological innovation is considered one of the reasons for the fall of the Roman Empire.

43
Q

What does the phrase “bread & circuses” mean?

A

Free food & entertainment

44
Q

What is a tetrarchy?

A

A sharing power of four rulers

45
Q

Edict of Milan

A

Gave religious freedom

46
Q

Where did Constantine move the capital of the Roman Empire?

A

Byzantium

47
Q

Constantine remained Pontifex Maximus, what is that?

A

Head of the pagan state religious cult

48
Q

Who laid waste to Jerusalem? What happened?

A

Titus did

The temple was destroyed

49
Q

Where did the Roman Empire fall?

A

Only in the west, the eastern half lived on

50
Q

What explains Rome’s decline?

A

There isn’t a single explanation, there were multiple forces that operated concurrently (multiple causation)

51
Q

Who did the barbarian tribes war against?

A

Sometimes against themselves, sometimes Rome

52
Q

Who were the Germanic Heruli people?

A

Former Roman Mercenaries

53
Q

Name the “barbarian” groups. How many are there?

A

There are 5

  • visigoths
  • vandals
  • Huns ( Attila was ready to attack Rome but Pope Leo I “persuaded” him to turn away)
  • franks (went on to dominate Europe)

World history I exam 1 (15 decks)

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