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Customs > Roman Life > Flashcards

Roman Life Flashcards

1
Q

How many different types of government did Rome have throughout its history?

A

Three

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2
Q

Name Rome’s three different governments in order.

A

Monarchy, Republic, and Empire

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3
Q

Give the years for the Roman Monarchy.

A

753 BC - 509 BC

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4
Q

Give the years for the Roman Republic.

A

509 BC - 27 BC

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5
Q

Give the years for the Roman Empire.

A

27 BC - 476 AD

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6
Q

Who is the 1st king of Rome?

A

Romulus

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7
Q

How did Romulus become king?

A

He proclaimed himself king after murdering his brother.

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8
Q

Give the alleged years of king Romulus’ reign.

A

753 BC - 717 BC

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9
Q

Who is the 2nd king of Rome?

A

Numa Pompilius

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10
Q

How did Numa Pompilius become king?

A

He was elected king by the Curiate Assembly, after the death of Romulus.

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11
Q

Give the alleged years of king Numa Pompilius’ reign.

A

717 BC - 673 BC

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12
Q

Who is the 3rd king of Rome?

A

Tullus Hostilius

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13
Q

How did Tullus Hostilius become king?

A

He was elected king by the Curiate Assembly, after the death of Numa Pompilius.

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14
Q

Give the alleged years of king Tullus Hostilius’ reign.

A

673 BC - 642 BC

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15
Q

Who is the 4th king of Rome?

A

Ancus Marcius

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16
Q

How did Ancus Marcius become king?

A

He was the grandson of Numa Pompilius; elected by the Curiate Assembly after the death of Tullus Hostilius.

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17
Q

Give the alleged years of king Ancus Marcius’ reign.

A

640 BC - 616 BC

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18
Q

Who is the 5th king of Rome?

A

Tarquinius Priscus

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19
Q

How did Tarquinius Priscus become king?

A

He was elected king by the Curiate Assembly, after the death of Ancus Marcius.

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20
Q

Give the alleged years of king Tarquinius Priscus’ reign.

A

616 BC - 579 BC

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21
Q

Who is the 6th king of Rome?

A

Servius Tullius

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22
Q

How did Servius Tullius become king?

A

He was the son-in-law of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus; seized the kingship after his assassination.

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23
Q

Give the alleged years of king Servius Tullius’ reign.

A

578 BC - 535 BC

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24
Q

Who is the 7th king of Rome?

A

Tarquinius Superbus

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25
Q

How did Tarquinius Superbus become king?

A

He was the son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus; seized the kingship after the assassination of Servius Tullius.

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26
Q

Give the alleged years of king Tarquinius Superbus’ reign.

A

535 BC - 509 BC

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27
Q

Name the Roman Kings in order.

A

Romulus, Numa Pompilius, Tullus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, and Tarquinius Superbus

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28
Q

How many Punic Wars were there?

A

Three

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29
Q

Give the years for the First Punic War.

A

264 BC - 241 BC

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30
Q

Give the years for the Second Punic War.

A

218 BC - 201 BC

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31
Q

Give the years for the Third Punic War.

A

149 BC - 146 BC

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32
Q

Name the members of the 1st Triumvirate

A

Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar

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33
Q

Name the members of the 2nd Triumvirate

A

Marc Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian

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34
Q

Who was the first western emperor of Rome?

A

Augustus

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35
Q

What dynasty did Augustus found?

A

Julio-Claudian Dynasty

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36
Q

Give the emperor Augustus’ full name.

A

Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus

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37
Q

On what day was the emperor Augustus born?

A

September 23, 63 BC

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38
Q

Where was the emperor Augustus born?

A

Rome, Italia

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39
Q

How did Augustus become emperor?

A

He became de facto emperor as a result of the ‘first settlement’ between himself and the Roman Senate.

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40
Q

Give the dates of Augustus’ reign.

A

January 16, 27 BC - August 19, 14 AD

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41
Q

On what day did the emperor Augustus die?

A

August 19, 14 AD

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42
Q

How did the emperor Augustus die?

A

Natural causes

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43
Q

How long was Augustus an emperor?

A

40 Years, 7 Months and 3 days

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44
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Augustus?

A

Tiberius

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45
Q

Give the emperor Tiberius’ full name.

A

Tiberius Iulius Caesar Augustus

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46
Q

On what day was the emperor Tiberius born?

A

November 16, 42 BC

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47
Q

Where was the emperor Tiberius born?

A

Rome, Italia

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48
Q

How did Tiberius become emperor?

A

He was the son of Augustus’s wife Livia by a previous marriage; adopted son of Augustus.

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49
Q

Give the dates of Tiberius’ reign.

A

September 18, 14 BC - March 16, 37 AD

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50
Q

On what day did the emperor Tiberius die?

A

March 16, 37 AD

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51
Q

How did the emperor Tiberius die?

A

Probably natural causes, possibly assassinated by Caligula

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52
Q

How long was Tiberius an emperor?

A

22 Years, 6 Months and 2 days

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53
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Tiberius?

A

Caligula

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54
Q

Give the emperor Caligula’s full name.

A

Gaius Iulius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

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55
Q

On what day was the emperor Caligula born?

A

August 31, 12 AD

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56
Q

Where was the emperor Caligula born?

A

Antium, Italia

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57
Q

How did Caligula become emperor?

A

He was Tiberius’s great-nephew and adopted grandson; great-grandson of Augustus.

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58
Q

Give the dates of Caligula’s reign.

A

March 18, 37 AD – January 24, 41 AD

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59
Q

On what day did the emperor Caligula die?

A

January 24, 41 AD

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60
Q

How did the emperor Caligula die?

A

Assassinated in a conspiracy involving senators and Praetorian Guards.

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61
Q

How long was Caligula an emperor?

A

3 Years, 10 Months and 6 days

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62
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Caligula?

A

Claudius

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63
Q

Give the emperor Claudius’ full name.

A

Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

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64
Q

On what day was the emperor Claudius born?

A

August 1, 10 BC

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65
Q

Where was the emperor Claudius born?

A

Lugdunum, Gallia Lugdunensis

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66
Q

How did Claudius become emperor?

A

He was the nephew of Tiberius, brother of Germanicus and uncle of Caligula; proclaimed emperor by the Praetorian Guard.

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67
Q

Give the dates of Claudius’ reign.

A

January 25/26, 41 AD – October 13, 54 AD

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68
Q

On what day did the emperor Claudius die?

A

October 13, 54 AD

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69
Q

How did the emperor Claudius die?

A

Probably poisoned by his wife Agrippina the Younger, in favour of her son Nero, possibly natural causes.

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70
Q

How long was Claudius an emperor?

A

13 Years, 9 Months

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71
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Claudius?

A

Nero

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72
Q

Give the emperor Nero’s full name.

A

Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

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73
Q

On what day was the emperor Nero born?

A

December 15, 37 AD

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74
Q

Where was the emperor Nero born?

A

Antium, Italia

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75
Q

How did Nero become emperor?

A

He was the grandson of Germanicus, nephew of Caligula, grandnephew, step- and adopted son of Claudius; great-great-grandson of Augustus.

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76
Q

Give the dates of Nero’s reign.

A

October 13, 54 AD – June 9, 68 AD

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77
Q

On what day did the emperor Nero die?

A

June 9, 68 AD

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78
Q

How did the emperor Nero die?

A

Committed suicide after being declared a public enemy by the Senate.

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79
Q

How long was Nero an emperor?

A

13 Years, 8 Months

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80
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Nero?

A

Galba

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81
Q

What dynasty did Galba found?

A

Year of Four Emperors or the Civil War Emperors

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82
Q

Give the emperor Galba’s full name.

A

Servius Sulpicius Galba Caesar Augustus

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83
Q

On what day was the emperor Galba born?

A

December 24 3 BC

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84
Q

Where was the emperor Galba born?

A

Near Terracina, Italia

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85
Q

How did Galba become emperor?

A

He seized power after Nero’s suicide, with support of the Spanish legions

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86
Q

Give the dates of Galba’s reign.

A

June 8, 68 AD – January 15, 69 AD

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87
Q

On what day did the emperor Galba die?

A

January 15, 69 AD

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88
Q

How did the emperor Galba die?

A

Murdered by Praetorian Guard in coup led by Otho.

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89
Q

How long was Galba an emperor?

A

7 Months

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90
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Galba?

A

Otho

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91
Q

Give the emperor Otho’s full name.

A

Marcus Salvius Otho Caesar Augustus

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92
Q

On what day was the emperor Otho born?

A

April 28, 32 AD

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93
Q

Where was the emperor Otho born?

A

Ferentinum, Etruria, Italia

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94
Q

How did Otho become emperor?

A

He was appointed by Praetorian Guard

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95
Q

Give the dates of Otho’s reign.

A

January 15, 69 AD – April 16, 69 AD

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96
Q

On what day did the emperor Otho die?

A

April 16, 69 AD

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97
Q

How did the emperor Otho die?

A

Committed suicide after losing Battle of Bedriacum to Vitellius

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98
Q

How long was Otho an emperor?

A

3 months 1 day (91 days)

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99
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Otho?

A

Vitellius

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100
Q

Give the emperor Vitellius’ full name.

A

Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Augustus

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101
Q

On what day was the emperor Vitellius born?

A

September 24, 15 AD

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102
Q

Where was the emperor Vitellius born?

A

Rome, Italia

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103
Q

How did Vitellius become emperor?

A

He seized power with support of German Legions (in opposition to Galba/Otho)

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104
Q

Give the dates of Vitellius’ reign.

A

April 17, 69 AD – December 20, 69 AD

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105
Q

On what day did the emperor Vitellius die?

A

December 20, 69 AD

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106
Q

How did the emperor Vitellius die?

A

Murdered by Vespasian’s troops

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107
Q

How long was Vitellius an emperor?

A

8 Months

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108
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Vitellius?

A

Vespasian

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109
Q

What dynasty did Vespasian found?

A

Flavian Dynasty

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110
Q

Give the emperor Vespasian’s full name.

A

Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus

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111
Q

On what day was the emperor Vespasian born?

A

November 17, 9 AD

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112
Q

Where was the emperor Vespasian born?

A

Falacrine, Italia

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113
Q

How did Vespasian become emperor?

A

He seized power with the support of the eastern Legions (in opposition to Vitellius)

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114
Q

Give the dates of Vespasian’s reign.

A

July 1, 69 AD – June 24, 79 AD

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115
Q

On what day did the emperor Vespasian die?

A

June 24, 79 AD

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116
Q

How did the emperor Vespasian die?

A

Natural causes

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117
Q

How long was Vespasian an emperor?

A

10 years

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118
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Vespasian?

A

Titus

119
Q

Give the emperor Titus’ full name.

A

Titus Flavius Caesar Vespasianus Augustus

120
Q

On what day was the emperor Titus born?

A

December 30, 39 AD

121
Q

Where was the emperor Titus born?

A

Rome, Italia

122
Q

How did Titus become emperor?

A

He was the son of Vespasian

123
Q

Give the dates of Titus’ reign.

A

June 24, 79 AD – September 13, 81 AD

124
Q

On what day did the emperor Titus die?

A

September 13, 81 AD

125
Q

How did the emperor Titus die?

A

Natural causes (Plague)

126
Q

How long was Titus an emperor?

A

2 years, 3 months

127
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Titus?

A

Domitian

128
Q

Give the emperor Domitian’s full name.

A

Titus Flavius Caesar Domitianus Augustus

129
Q

On what day was the emperor Domitian born?

A

October 24, 51 AD

130
Q

Where was the emperor Domitian born?

A

Rome, Italia

131
Q

How did Domitian become emperor?

A

He was the son of Vespasian

132
Q

Give the dates of Domitian’s reign.

A

September 14, 81 AD – September 18, 96 AD

133
Q

On what day did the emperor Domitian die?

A

September 18, 96 AD

134
Q

How did the emperor Domitian die?

A

Assassinated by court officials

135
Q

How long was Domitian an emperor?

A

15 years

136
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Domitian?

A

Nerva

137
Q

What dynasty did Nerva found?

A

Nerva-Antonine Dynasty

138
Q

Give the emperor Nerva’s full name.

A

Marcus Cocceius Nerva Caesar Augustus

139
Q

On what day was the emperor Nerva born?

A

November 8, 30 AD

140
Q

Where was the emperor Nerva born?

A

Narni (Narnia), Italia

141
Q

How did Nerva become emperor?

A

He was appointed by the Senate

142
Q

Give the dates of Nerva’s reign.

A

September 18, 96 AD – January 27, 98 AD

143
Q

On what day did the emperor Nerva die?

A

January 27, 98 AD

144
Q

How did the emperor Nerva die?

A

Natural causes

145
Q

How long was Nerva an emperor?

A

1 year, 4 months

146
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Nerva?

A

Trajan

147
Q

Give the emperor Trajan’s full name.

A

Caesar Marcus Ulpius Nerva Traianus

148
Q

On what day was the emperor Trajan born?

A

September 18, 53 AD

149
Q

Where was the emperor Trajan born?

A

Italica, Hispania Baetica

150
Q

How did Trajan become emperor?

A

He was the adopted son and heir of Nerva

151
Q

Give the dates of Trajan’s reign.

A

January 28, 98 AD – August 7, 117 AD

152
Q

On what day did the emperor Trajan die?

A

August 7, 117 AD

153
Q

How did the emperor Trajan die?

A

Natural causes

154
Q

How long was Trajan an emperor?

A

19 years, 7 months

155
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Trajan?

A

Hadrian

156
Q

Give the emperor Hadrian’s full name.

A

Caesar Publius Aelius Traianus Hadrianus Augustus

157
Q

On what day was the emperor Hadrian born?

A

January 24, 76 AD

158
Q

Where was the emperor Hadrian born?

A

Italica, Hispania Baetica (or possibly Rome, Italia)

159
Q

How did Hadrian become emperor?

A

He was the adopted son and heir of Trajan

160
Q

Give the dates of Hadrian’s reign.

A

August 11, 117 AD – July 10, 138 AD

161
Q

On what day did the emperor Hadrian die?

A

July 10, 138 AD

162
Q

How did the emperor Hadrian die?

A

Natural causes

163
Q

How long was Hadrian an emperor?

A

21 years

164
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Hadrian?

A

Antoninus Pius

165
Q

Give the emperor Antoninus Pius’ full name.

A

Caesar Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Augustus Pius

166
Q

On what day was the emperor Antoninus Pius born?

A

September 19, 86 AD

167
Q

Where was the emperor Antoninus Pius born?

A

Near Lanuvium, Italia

168
Q

How did Antoninus Pius become emperor?

A

He was the adopted son and heir of Hadrian

169
Q

Give the dates of Antoninus Pius’ reign.

A

July 10, 138 AD – March 7, 161 AD

170
Q

On what day did the emperor Antoninus Pius die?

A

March 7, 161 AD

171
Q

How did the emperor Antoninus Pius die?

A

Natural causes

172
Q

How long was Antoninus Pius an emperor?

A

22 years, 7 months

173
Q

Who succeeded the emperor Antoninus Pius?

A

Lucius Verus and Marcus Aurelius

174
Q

Give the emperor Lucius Verus’ full name.

A

Caesar Lucius Aurelius Verus Augustus

175
Q

On what day was the emperor Lucius Verus born?

A

December 15, 130 AD

176
Q

Where was the emperor Lucius Verus born?

A

Rome, Italia

177
Q

How did Lucius Verus become emperor?

A

He was an adopted son and heir of Antoninus Pius

178
Q

Who was a co-emperor with Lucius Verus?

A

Marcus Aurelius

179
Q

Give the dates of Lucius Verus’ reign.

A

March 7, 161 AD – ? March 169 AD

180
Q

On what day did the emperor Lucius Verus die?

A

March 169 AD

181
Q

How did the emperor Lucius Verus die?

A

Natural causes (Plague)

182
Q

How long was Lucius Verus an emperor?

A

8 years

183
Q

Give the emperor Marcus Aurelius’ full name.

A

Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus

184
Q

On what day was the emperor Marcus Aurelius born?

A

April 26, 121 AD

185
Q

Where was the emperor Marcus Aurelius born?

A

Rome, Italia

186
Q

How did Marcus Aurelius become emperor?

A

He was an adopted son and heir of Antoninus Pius

187
Q

Who was a co-emperor with Marcus Aurelius?

A

Lucius Verus

188
Q

Give the dates of Marcus Aurelius’ reign.

A

March 7, 161 AD – March 17, 180 AD

189
Q

On what day did the emperor Marcus Aurelius die?

A

March 17, 180 AD

190
Q

How did the emperor Marcus Aurelius die?

A

Natural causes

191
Q

How long was Marcus Aurelius an emperor?

A

19 years

192
Q

What was the first dynasty of the Roman Empire?

A

Julio-Claudian Dynasty

193
Q

Name the emperors of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty in order.

A

Augustus, TIberius, Caligula, Claudius, and Nero

194
Q

Give the years of the Julio-Claudian Dynasty.

A

27 BC - 68 AD

195
Q

Which dynasty came after the Julio-Claudian Dynasty?

A

Year of Four Emperors or Civil War Emperors

196
Q

Name the Civil War Emperors in order.

A

Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian

197
Q

What year is known as the Year of Four Emperors?

A

69 AD

198
Q

Which dynasty came after the Year of Four Emperors?

A

Flavian Dynasty

199
Q

Name the emperors of the Flavian Dynasty in order.

A

Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian

200
Q

Give the years of the Flavian Dynasty.

A

69 AD - 96 AD

201
Q

Which dynasty came after the Flavian Dynasty?

A

Nerva-Antonine Dynasty

202
Q

What were the first five, excluding Lucius Verus, emperors of the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty collectively known as?

A

Five Good Emperors

203
Q

Name the Five Good Emperors in order.

A

Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius

204
Q

Give the years of the Five Good Emperors.

A

96 AD - 180 AD

205
Q

Name the emperors of the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty in order.

A

Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Lucius Verus, Marcus Aurelius, and Commodus

206
Q

Which dynasty came after the Nerva-Antonine Dynasty?

A

Year of Five Emperors

207
Q

Name the legitimate emperors of the Year of Five Emperors in order.

A

Pertinax, Diddius Julianus, and Septimius Severus

208
Q

Name the legitimate and illegitimate emperors of the Year of Five Emperors in order.

A

Pertinax, Diddius Julianus, Pescennius Niger, Clodius Albinus, and Septimius Severus

209
Q

What year is known as the Year of Five Emperors?

A

193 AD

210
Q

Which dynasty came after the Year of Five Emperors?

A

Severan Dynasty

211
Q

Name the emperors of the Severan Dynasty in order.

A

Septimius Severus, Caracalla, Geta, Macrinas, Elagabalus, and Severus Alexander

212
Q

Give the years of the Severan Dynasty.

A

193 AD - 235 AD

213
Q

What was the name for the main entrance hallway in a Roman house?

A

Vestibulum (also considered Atrium if there is no hallway leading into the Atrium).

214
Q

What was the name for the generic word for a hallway in a Roman house?

A

Fauces

215
Q

What was the name for the most important room in a Roman house?

A

Atrium

216
Q

What was the name for the room where clients were greeted in a Roman house?

A

Atrium

217
Q

What was the name for the shallow rectangular sunken portion of the Atrium used to gather rainwater in a Roman house?

A

Impluvium

218
Q

What was the name for the office of the master of the family in a Roman house?

A

Tablinum

219
Q

What was the name for the dining room in a Roman house?

A

Triclinium

220
Q

How many couches were in the triclinium?

A

Three

221
Q

What was the name for the open rooms on each side of the atrium in a Roman house?

A

Alae

222
Q

What was the name for the bedroom in a Roman house?

A

Cubiculum

223
Q

What was the name for the servant’s entrance or back door in a Roman house?

A

Posticum

224
Q

What was the name for the front door in a Roman house?

A

Ostium

225
Q

What was the name for the shops in a Roman house?

A

Tabernae

226
Q

What was the name for the roof over atrium which was purposely slanted to drain rain water into a pool in a Roman house?

A

Compluvium

227
Q

What was the name for the columnated garden in a Roman house?

A

Peristyle (Peristylium)

228
Q

What was the name for the fish pond in a Roman house?

A

Piscina

229
Q

What was the name for the suitable place for a philosophical conversation in a Roman house?

A

Exedra

230
Q

Give the two names for the Roman Baths.

A

Thermae and Balneae

231
Q

What was the changing room of a Roman Bath?

A

Apodyterium

232
Q

What was the cold bath of a Roman Bath called?

A

Frigidarium

233
Q

What was the warm bath of a Roma Bath called?

A

Tepidarium

234
Q

What was the hot bath of a Roman Bath called?

A

Caldarium

235
Q

Give the typical order that a Roman would take a bath in?

A

First the Frigidarium, then the Tepidarium, and finally the Caldarium

236
Q

What was the furnace of the Roman Baths called?

A

Hypocaust

237
Q

What was the sweating room of the Roman Baths called?

A

Laconicum

238
Q

What was the scrapinging room where Roman would get oil scraped off called?

A

Unctorium

239
Q

What was the scraping tool used to scrape off oil in the Roman Baths called?

A

Strigil (Strigiles plural)

240
Q

What was the exercise are in the Roman Baths called?

A

palaestra

241
Q

In chariot races, what were metae?

A

turning posts

242
Q

In chariot races, what was the spina?

A

backbone around which they raced

243
Q

In chariot races, what was the usual number of laps?

A

seven

244
Q

How many people could be held in the Circus Maximus?

A

250,000

245
Q

What were ludi circenses?

A

chariot races

246
Q

In chariot races, what were factiones?

A

racing companies

247
Q

In chariot races, what were the colors of the factiones?

A

red (russata), white (albata), blue (veneta), green (prasina)

248
Q

In chariot races, which were the original factiones?

A

red and white

249
Q

In chariot races, which were the longest lasting factiones?

A

blue and green

250
Q

Where is the Circus Maximus located?

A

between the Palatine and Aventine hills

251
Q

In chariot races, what was the term for the white cloth dropped to start the race?

A

mappa

252
Q

In chariot races, what was a biga?

A

two-horse chariot

253
Q

In chariot races, what was a quadriga?

A

four-horse chariot

254
Q

In chariot races, what was an auriga?

A

charioteer

255
Q

In chariot races, what was a curriculum?

A

successfully completed lap

256
Q

In chariot races, what were carceres?

A

starting gates

257
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Myrmillo?

A

fought with a helmet, oblong shield, sword, fish crest of helmet

258
Q

In the arena, who would Myrmillones usually fight?

A

either Retiarii or Thracians

259
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Retiarius?

A

lightly clad, armed with a net and trident

260
Q

In the arena, who would Retiarii usually fight?

A

either Myrmillones or Secutores

261
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Samnite?

A

oblong shield, visored helmet, sword

262
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Thracian?

A

small round shield, curved scimitar

263
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Bestiarius?

A

hunters - fought wild beasts

264
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Essedarius?

A

rode chariots with two horses

265
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Andabata?

A

heavily armed, but can’t see out of visored helmet

266
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Laquearius?

A

armed with lasso and a curved piece of wood

267
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Secutores?

A

“pursuers” - like Samnite but without the neck protector

268
Q

In the arena, what characteristics made up the Hoplomachus?

A

full-armed with a breastplate and visored helmet

269
Q

In the arena, what was a rudis?

A

wooden sword given to gladiators on their retirement

270
Q

In the arena, what was a lanista?

A

gladiator trainer

271
Q

In the arena, who was the editor munerum?

A

giver of games

272
Q

In the arena, what was the arena?

A

(also called harena) sand put down to absorb the blood from a gladiator match

273
Q

In the arena, what were venationes?

A

hunts where Bestiarii fought wild beasts

274
Q

In the arena, what was the premere pollicem?

A

to press the thumb against the forefinger - crowd wants to spare the gladiator’s life

275
Q

In the arena, what was the vertere pollicem?

A

turning the thumb upwards or towards the chest - to signify the death stroke

276
Q

When were gladiator fights brought to Rome?

A

264 BC

277
Q

Only at what events did gladiator fights originally happen?

A

funerals

278
Q

In the arena, what were naumachiae?

A

mock naval battles - they flooded the arena

279
Q

What were subligaculum?

A

underwear

280
Q

Who wore a tunica?

A

everyone (like long t-shirt)

281
Q

Who wore a toga praetexta?

A

boys under 16 and magistrates (with purple stripe)

282
Q

Who wore a toga virilis?

A

all white - worn by men over 16

283
Q

What were other names for the toga virilis?

A

toga pura or toga libera

284
Q

When did boys give up their toga praetexta?

A

the Liberalia

285
Q

Who wore the toga candida?

A

men running for office; bright white (chalk)

286
Q

Who wore the toga pulla?

A

worn by men in mourning (called sordidati)

287
Q

What was a stola?

A

women’s dress

288
Q

What was a palla?

A

women’s shawl

289
Q

What was a bulla?

A

child’s good luck charm

290
Q

What was a calceus?

A

shoe (for outdoors)

291
Q

What was a solea?

A

sandal for indoors

292
Q

What was a petasus?

A

broad-brimmed hat

293
Q

What was a pilleus?

A

cap of freedom

Customs (2 decks)

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