Regional Study Guide - Customs Flashcards
1
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the cursus honorum?
A
course of honors - steps you take to make it to the highest jobs (from bottom to top - quaestor, praetor, consul)
2
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the consul?
A
two men - executives - elected yearly
3
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the praetor?
A
judges (8 elected yearly)
4
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the quaestor?
A
treasurers (20 elected yearly)
5
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the aedile?
A
in charge of roads and public games (4 elected yearly)
6
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the censor?
A
2 elected every five years for 18 months - in charge of taking the census and public morals
7
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the dictator?
A
had absolute power in times of emergency; normally ruled 6 months maximum
8
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the magister equitum?
A
master of the horse/cavalry - assistant to dictator
9
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the senator?
A
must be a praetor to enter - for life
10
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the tribune?
A
10 elected yearly - only plebeians can run - can veto the senate
11
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the patricians/optimates?
A
highest class
12
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the equites?
A
business class
13
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the plebians/populares?
A
lower class
14
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the patron?
A
patron
15
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the cliens?
A
client
16
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the salutatio?
A
visit of client to patron?s house
17
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the sportula?
A
cold food basket given to client when he is received by patron in his atrium
18
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the deductio?
A
patron leads clients to forum
19
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the paterfamilias?
A
head of family (family includes wife, children, slaves and property)
20
Q
In the Roman Government/social structure, what was/were the patria potestas?
A
power (of life and death in early times) of paterfamilias over family
21
Q
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the metae?
A
turning posts
22
Q
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the spina?
A
backbone around which they raced
23
Q
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the ova et delphines?
A
eggs and dolphins (wood or bronze) used as lap counters
24
Q
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the number of laps in a usual race?
A
7
25
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the maximum number of people that could be held in the circus maximus?
250000
26
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the ludi circenses?
chariot races
27
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the factiones?
racing companies
28
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the colors of the factiones?
red (russata), white (albata), blue (veneta), green (prasina)
29
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the original factiones?
red, white
30
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the longest lasting factiones?
blue, green
31
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the circus maximus is between which two hills?
the Palatine and Aventine hills
32
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the white cloth dropped to start race?
mappa
33
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the biga?
2 horse chariot; quadriga - 4 horse chariot; auriga - charioteer
34
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the curriculum?
successfully completed lap
35
In Chariot Racing, what was/were the carceres?
starting gates
36
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Myrmillones?
fought with helmet, oblong shield, sword, fish crest on helmet. Usually fought the retiarius or Thracians.
37
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Retiarii?
lightly clad, armed with a net and trident. Usually fought Myrmillones or Secutores.
38
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Samnites?
oblong shield, visored helmet, sword.
39
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Thracians?
small round shield, curved scimitar.
40
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Bestiarii?
hunters - fought wild beasts
41
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Essedarii?
rode chariots with 2 horses.
42
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Andabatae?
heavily armed, but can?t see out of visored helmet.
43
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Laquearii?
armed with lasso and a curved piece of wood.
44
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Secutores?
?pursuers? - like Samnite but without the neck protector
45
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the Hoplomachi?
full-armed with a breast-plate and visored helmet.
46
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the rudis?
wooden sword given to gladiators on their retirement.
47
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the lanista?
gladiator trainer.
48
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the editor munerum?
giver of games.
49
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the arena/harena?
sand put down to absorb the blood from a gladiator match.
50
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the venationes?
hunts where Bestiarii fought wild beasts.
51
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the premere pollicem?
to press the thumb against the forefinger - crowd wants to spare gladiators life
52
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the vertere pollicem?
turning the thumb upwards or towards the chest - to signify the death stroke
53
In Gladiator Games, when were the gladiator fights were brought to Rome?
in 264 BC
54
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the gladiator fights originally for?
funerals
55
In Gladiator Games, what was/were the naumachiae?
mock naval battles - they flooded the arena
56
In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the apodyterium?
dressing room
57
In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the hypocausta?
furnace
58
In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the caldarium?
hot bath
59
In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the frigidarium?
cold bath
60
In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the unctorium?
scraping room/ massage
61
In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the strigil?
scraper
62
In the Roman Baths (Thermae/Balneae), what was/were the palaestra?
exercise area
63
In a Roman School, what was/were the ludus?
elementary school
64
In a Roman School, what was/were the litterator?
elementary school teacher
65
In a Roman School, what was/were the paedagogus?
slave who carries books to school
66
In a Roman School, what was/were the grammaticus?
upper school teacher
67
In a Roman School, what was/were the rhetor?
teacher of public speaking
68
In a Roman School, what was/were the stylus and tabula (tabella)?
pen and notebook
69
In a Roman Army, what was/were the century?
smallest unit of a legion
70
In a Roman Army, what was/were the maniple?
double a century (later dropped in favor of a cohort)
71
In a Roman Army, what was/were the cohort?
6 times a century
72
In a Roman Army, what was/were the legion?
basic fighting unit of the Roman army
73
In a Roman Army, what was/were the contubernium?
6-8 men who share a tent (part of a century)
74
In a Roman Army, what was/were the dux?
general
75
In a Roman Army, what was/were the imperator?
victorious general
76
In a Roman Army, what was/were the legatus?
legionary commander
77
In a Roman Army, what was/were the centurio?
leader of a century
78
In a Roman Army, what was/were the optio?
2nd in command to a centurio
79
In a Roman Army, what was/were the toga picta?
worn by victorious generals
80
In a Roman Army, what was/were the tesserae?
passwords
81
In a Roman Army, what was/were the signum?
standard
82
In a Roman Army, what was/were the signifier?
holder of standard (of a century or cohort)
83
In a Roman Army, what was/were the aquila?
silver or bronze eagle-standard (of a legion)
84
In a Roman Army, what was/were the aquilifer?
holder of the eagle
85
In a Roman Army, what was/were the cornicen?
horn blower
86
In a Roman Army, what was/were the vexillum?
flag
87
In a Roman Army, what was/were the pedites?
infantry
88
In a Roman Army, what was/were the equites?
cavalry
89
In a Roman Army, what was/were the scorpio?
dart thrower (standing crossbow used by one man)
90
In a Roman Army, what was/were the ballista?
dart or stone throwing siege engine, larger than a scorpio
91
In a Roman Army, what was/were the onager?
siege engine (like a catapult), threw boulders; means ?wild ass? for its kick
92
In a Roman Army, what was/were the catapulta?
siege engine which hurled javelins
93
In a Roman Army, what was/were the gladius?
sword
94
In a Roman Army, what was/were the scutum?
shield
95
In a Roman Army, what was/were the galea?
helmet (originally only made of leather)
96
In a Roman Army, what was/were the cassis?
helmet (originally only made of metal)
97
In a Roman Army, what was/were the hasta?
spear (used by triarii and hastati)
98
In a Roman Army, what was/were the lorica?
leather breastplate
99
In a Roman Army, what was/were the cingulum?
military belt
100
In a Roman Army, what was/were the caligae?
boots
101
In a Roman Army, what was/were the sarcina?
soldier?s cloak/blanket
102
In a Roman Army, what was/were the pugio?
dagger
103
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the tunica recta?
white wedding dress
104
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the flammeum?
?saffron? colored veil
105
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the sponsalia?
engagement
106
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the dos?
dowry
107
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the ?ubi tu Gaius, ego Gaia??
what bride says at ceremony - ?where you are, my husband, I am
108
In a Roman Wedding, what would a girl do the night before wedding?
a girl would dedicate her bulla to the Lares
109
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the pronuba?
matron of honor
110
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the bad luck to marry on?
the kalends, nones, ides (and the day after each) of any month; all of May and half of June were all unlucky days; also unlucky, the days the lower world was supposed to open: August 24, October 5, November 8.
111
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the usus?
common law marriage
112
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the coemptio?
fictitious sale of the bride
113
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the confarreatio?
upper class marriage ceremony
114
In a Roman Wedding, what was/were the deductio?
procession of wedding party to forum
115
In Roman Religion, what was/were the Pontifex Maximus?
chief priest, elected for life
116
In Roman Religion, what was/were the Vestal Virgins?
start at age 6 - (30 years) learn job for 10 years, work as Vestal for 10 years, teach for 10 years - keep flame of Vesta burning, keep documents, etc. safe; only man allowed in temple (which is round) is Pontifex Maximus
117
In Roman Religion, what was/were the auspex?
priest who checks sky for omens (birds/lightning)
118
In Roman Religion, what was/were the augur?
same as auspex
119
In Roman Religion, what was/were the haruspex?
checks guts of animals for omens (2 hearts are bad?)
120
In Roman Religion, what was/were the Salii?
priests of Mars
121
In Roman Religion, what was/were the Lares?
household gods
122
In Roman Religion, what was/were the Lararium?
shrine for Lares
123
In Roman Religion, what was/were the Penates?
gods of cupboards
124
In Roman Names, what was/were the praenomen?
first name
125
In Roman Names, what was/were the nomen?
family name
126
In Roman Names, what was/were the cognomen?
name for branch of family
127
In Roman Names, what was/were the agnomen?
earned name
128
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the subligaculum?
underwear
129
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the tunica?
worn by all (like long t-shirt)
130
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga praetexta?
worn by boys under 16 and magistrates (with purple stripe)
131
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga virilis?
all white - worn by men over 1
132
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga pura?
same as toga virilis
133
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga libera?
same as toga virilis (boys gave up their toga praetexta on the Liberalia)
134
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga candida?
worn by men running for office; bright white (chalk)
135
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the toga pulla?
worn by men in mourning (called sordidati)
136
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the stola?
women?s dress
137
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the palla?
women?s shawl
138
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the fibula?
broach, pin
139
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the bulla?
child?s good luck charm
140
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the calceus?
shoe (for outdoors)
141
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the solea?
sandal for indoors
142
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the petasus?
broad ?brimmed hat
143
In Roman Clothing, what was/were the pileus?
cap of freedom
144
In a Roman House, what was/were the atrium?
entry hallway/large meeting room
145
In a Roman House, what was/were the compluvium?
hole in roof of atrium - allows water i
146
In a Roman House, what was/were the impluvium?
basin that catches water
147
In a Roman House, what was/were the alae?
wings off atrium
148
In a Roman House, what was/were the imagines?
bust of ancestors, housed in alae
149
In a Roman House, what was/were the tablinum?
master?s office
150
In a Roman House, what was/were the triclinium?
dining room
151
In a Roman House, what was/were the culina?
kitchen
152
In a Roman House, what was/were the cubiculum?
bedroom
153
In a Roman House, what was/were the peristylium?
outdoor garden with columns
154
In a Roman House, what was/were the hortus?
regular garden
155
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the ientaculum?
breakfast
156
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the prandium?
lunch
157
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the thermopolium?
place to buy hot, fast food
158
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the cena?
dinner
159
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the garum, liquamen?
fish sauce
160
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the secunda mensa?
dessert
161
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the gustatio, promulsis, antecena?
appetizer
162
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the mulsum?
wine mixed with honey
163
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the mulsa?
fermented honey and water
164
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the mustum?
grape juice
165
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the acetum?
vinegar
166
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the comissatio?
drinking party
167
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the rex bibendi?
master of the drinking (he decides the games, etc.)
168
In a Roman Meal, what was/were the seating?
Romans reclined on their left side; there were 3 couches, each seating 3 people.
169
In Roman Culture, what was/were the Via Appia?
Appian Way - from Rome to Capua early on, then extended to Brundisium; known as the queen of the roads - ?regina viarum? - built by Appius Claudius Caecus in 312 B
170
In Roman Culture, what was/were the Via Sacra?
road which ran through the forum
171
In Roman Culture, what was/were the Mare Nostum?
?our sea? - Mediterranea
172
In Roman Culture, what was/were the Patria potestas?
power of father over familia
173
In Roman Culture, what was/were the Pater familias?
head of family
174
In Roman Culture, what was/were the basilica?
law court
175
In Roman Culture, what was/were the curia?
senate house
176
In Roman Culture, what was/were the cloaca maxima?
great sewer
177
In Roman Culture, what was/were the insulae?
apartment buildings
178
In Roman Culture, what was/were the vigiles?
firemen/police
179
In Roman Vehicles, what was/were the cisium?
lightweight, 2 wheeled vehicle
180
In Roman Vehicles, what was/were the raeda?
4 wheeled carriage, comfortable and large
181
In Roman Vehicles, what was/were the lectica?
litter (carried by 4 slaves)
182
In Roman Funerals, what was/were the praeficae?
professional mourners
183
In Roman Funerals, what was/were the neniae?
dirges
184
In Roman Funerals, what was/were the conclamatio?
oldest son shakes father 3 times and calls his name
185
In Roman Funerals, what was/were the sarcophagus?
stone coffin
186
In Roman Funerals, what was/were the columbarium?
underground chamber for urns holding the ashes of a cremated person
