Roman History Week 5 Flashcards
Who did Rome fight in 2nd Punic War?
Carthage.
How did 2nd Punic War end?
Carthage surrendered in 201 BC. Rome became most powerful state of entire sea.
What did Carthaginian become?
Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. It became Roman Spain.
Who became Princeps Senatus (chief of Senate) in 199?
Scipio Africanus.
Who was Hannibal?
Great Carthaginian general.
Who ruled Pergamum, an Ionian Greek polis?
Attalus.
Who was the famous Numidian King?
Massinissa.
Who was the famous Syrian ruler?
Antiochus III.
Macedonian King who was unsuccessful against Rome?
Philip V.
Players in 1st Macedonian War?
Rome, Pergamon (Attalus), and other Greek allies against Philip V of Macedon.
Significance of Battle of Cynoscephalae in second Macedonian War?
Romans, led by Flamininus, decisive victory that marked end of conflict.
Who proclaimed freedom of Greece?
Flamininus, after Macedonian War. Greeks honoured him in the same way they would a king or deity.
How did Rome find out that Carthage was planning to renew a war?
Hannibal was making enemies among the aristocrats in his own system, they told Rome.
What happened when Romans went to investigate Hannibal’s plans to renew a war?
He fled to Syria who gave him asylum. Antiochus III was King.
What started the Syrian/Seleucid War?
Hannibal told Antiochus that Macedonia was weak, so he invaded them which meant he also declared war against Rome.
Result of Seleucid War?
Roman victory that saw them gain Asia Minor, and made them the only ruling power around Mediterranean Sea.
What happened to Hannibal after Seleucid War?
He was ordered in the treaty with Antiochus to be handed over to Rome, but he escaped to Bithynia, where Romans surrounded him and he killed himself.
Who succeeded Antiochus III and Philip V?
Antiochus IV and Perseus.
Line in the sand?
Popillius (Roman consul) drew line around Antiochus IV and said he must commit to leaving Egypt before he left the circle or it would be war with Rome.
How did 3rd Macedonian War start?
Perseus hated Rome because of how they treated Philip V, several of Perseus actions led to Rome declaring war.
How did 3rd Macedonian War end?
Perseus failed and Rome’s military defeated them at battle of Pydna.
Result of 3rd Macedonian War?
Macedonia divided into 4 republics who could not deal with one another and had to ask permission to trade or travel outside their boundaries.
Who was Polybius?
A hostage from Greece that became the tutor of Paullus (consul) son. He wrote Roman history with focus on Punic Wars.
Who was Tiberius Gracchus?
Important figure in Roman expansion into Spain. Married one of Scipio Africans’ daughters, Cornelia.
What did Galba do in Spain?
Tricked the Lusitanians into surrendering, then slaughtered 8000 of them.
Who was Virathius?
Shepherd who survived Galba’s massacre. He became the leader of the Lusitanians after 2 years of fighting the Romans due to the massacre.
Virathius fate?
Treaty with Rome that gave his people autonomy, but he was assassinated by the Romans.
What group emerged post 2nd Punic War?
Expansionists led by Scipio. They believed in new ideas. Flamininus was involved as well, former consul.
Conservative party significance?
Did not like idea of expansion and new ideas. Led by Cato.
Cult that emerged post 2nd punic war?
Followers of Bacchus. Senate outlawed the cult.
What was Massinissa doing post 2nd Punic War?
Invading Carthage because he knew Rome wouldn’t object because he was close with them.
What started 3rd Punic War?
Cato thought a strong Carthage was a threat due to proximity to Rome, so he wouldn’t help against Numidians. Carthage counter attacked Rome. War started.
What happened to Carthage?
Captured and destroyed. Everyone died or became a slave.
