Roman Empire test, 2-25-14

Question 1

Aeneaus

Answer 1

The Greek people believed their history could be traced back to him. He was a Trojan war hero because he saved his father. He sailed to Italy and became ruler.

Question 2

Romulus and Remus

Answer 2

Twin brothers. They were thrown into a river and raised by wolves. They were adopted by a shepherd. They decided to build a city. Romulus killed Remus and named the city Rome.

Question 3

republic

Answer 3

a type of government in which people elect officials to rule the city

Question 4

dictators

Answer 4

rulers with almost complete power. In times of war, things had to be decided quickly. So one of the consuls was appointed to be dictator so things could happen quickly. They could serve for 6 months.

Question 5

Cincinnatus

Answer 5

He was elected to be dictator during a battle. He won the battle in 16 days. He went back to farming even though he could have been dictated 5 1/2 more months. He became a hero for that.

Question 6

plebeians

Answer 6

the common people of Rome. They wanted a stronger voice in the way things were done.

Question 7

patricians

Answer 7

powerful nobles who were the only people who could be elected to office. They held all the political power

Question 8

magistrates

Answer 8

the first part of the government. They were elected offiials

Question 9

consuls

Answer 9

They were the two most powerful magistrates. The were elected to run the city and lead the army. They had the power to veto.

Question 10

Roman Senate

Answer 10

the second part of Roman government. It was made up of wealthy and powerful Romans who advised the consuls

Question 11

veto

Answer 11

to prohibit actions by other officials. The tribunes could veto. Veto means “I forbid.”

Question 12

Latin

Answer 12

the official language of the Romans.

Question 13

checks and balances

Answer 13

a way to keep one part of the government from becoming stronger or more influential than the other. One part could restrict the power of another part.

Question 14

Forum

Answer 14

Rome’s public meeting place. The first written law code was displayed there (the Twelve Tablets)

Question 15

legions

Answer 15

a group of 6,000 soldiers. There were 100 soldiers in a century, and 60 centuries in a legion. 100 x 60 = 6,000.

Question 16

Punic Wars

Answer 16

the fiercest of the wars Rome fought in. They were a series of wars against Carthage, a city in northern Africa.

Question 17

Hannibal

Answer 17

a general from Carthage who attacked and tried to defeat Rome. He didn’t win, and the Romans attacked his city in return.

Question 18

Marius (Gaius Marius)

Answer 18

a Roman consul who encouraged poor people to join the army. He was fair to the people in the army and they were loyal to him.

Question 19

Sulla (Lucius Corneluis Sulla)

Answer 19

a politician who conflicted with Marius. That conflict led to a civil war in Rome (Romans fighting against Romans). Sulla defeated Marius. He named himself dictator and punished enemies.

Question 20

Spartacus

Answer 20

a former gladiator and slave who let thousands of slaves in a revolt. They didn’t want to be forced to fight to the death for the entertainment of others. Spartacus was killed in a battle so the revolt fell apart.

Question 21

What effect did the conquest of Greece have on the Roman Empire?

Answer 21

The Romans adopted ideas about art, literature and philosophy from the Greeks.

Question 22

How did Tiberius and Gaius (Gracchus) try to help poor Romans?

Answer 22

They provided cheap food for the poor. They made sure farms provided for the poor (the plebeians). The plebeians’ land had been stolen when they were fighting in wars. Tiberius and Gaius were wealthy patricians.

Question 23

What happened to the Gracchus brothers for wanting to help the poor plebeians?

Answer 23

They were killed for their ideas. The other patricians didn’t like their ideas.

Question 24

Why did the poor and unemployed people like Marius?

Answer 24

He set a good example by helping those in need. He let them join the army and he was a good general.

Question 25

What other politician followed Marius?

Answer 25

Sulla followed Marius and made sure the troops were more loyal to him than to Rome. He went on to start a civil war, defeating Marius, and named himself dictator.

Question 26

Why were the gladiators enslaved to fight for entertainment?

Answer 26

They were the strongest and bravest of all, because they were fighters in the army. The people liked to watch the battle between warriors, maybe like we enjoy football or boxing today.

Question 27

Italy is shaped something like a boot. Rome is at the top, or in the north. Sicily is an island under the mainland of Italy, or south of Italy. Carthage is in northern Africa, which is south of Italy, almost even with Sicily.

Answer 27

You should know your directions on a map. For example, if the question says, “Which way did troops travel from Carthage to Rome” the answer would be northeast. If they traveled from Rome to Carthage, they went southwest.

Question 28

What kind of government do we have in the United States?

Answer 28

We have a democratic republic. We do not vote on every thing ourselves. We elect officials to vote for us.

Question 29

How do you answer a RACE question?

Answer 29

R - restate the question. A - answer the question. C - cite where you got the information. Put exact words in quotation marks. E - explain your answer.

Question 30

How were war elephants used in battle?

Answer 30

Hannibal led his army, including war elephants, from Spain to Italy. Loud horns would be sounded which scared the elephants. As they fled, they cleared large areas of land, which made it easier to attack.

Question 31

Why was Rome so successful?

Answer 31

It’s location and government helped it become a major power in the ancient world.

Question 32

What ws important about Rome’s government?

Answer 32

Rome’s three-part government and written laws helped create a stable society.

Question 33

What happened in the later years of the Roman empire?

Answer 33

Many wars over expansion and politics began the decline of the empire.

Question 34

Etruscans

Answer 34

They took over Rome around 600 BPunic C, before the Roman republic was formed.

Question 35

When did the Roman republic begin?

Answer 35

It began around the same time that the Persians invaded Greece.

Question 36

When were the Punic Wars?

Answer 36

The Punic Wars, between Rome and Carthage, lasted from 264 BC to 146 BC.

Question 37

What was important about the land in Italy?

Answer 37

The geography made land travel difficult but helped the Romans prosper.

Question 38

Facts about the patricians

Answer 38

wealthy and powerful; nobles; small minority of the population; once controlled all aspects of government; after 218 BC, were not allowed to participate in trade or commerce

Question 39

Facts about plebeians

Answer 39

common people; peasants, craftspeople, traders and other workers; majority of the population; gained right to participate in government; were the only Romans who could be traders so they became wealthy

Question 40

What were the three parts of the Roman government?

Answer 40

Magistrates, Senate and Assemblies and Tribunes

Question 41

republic

Answer 41

a government in which people elect leaders

Question 42

plebeians

Answer 42

the common people of Rome

Question 43

Spartacus

Answer 43

leader of a slave rebelion

Question 44

legions

Answer 44

groups of about 6,000 soldiers

Question 45

Aeneas

Answer 45

the legendary Trojan founder of Rome

Question 46

consuls

Answer 46

the two most powerful officials in Rome

Question 47

forum

Answer 47

Rome’s public meeting place

Question 48

dictator

Answer 48

a leader with absolute power for six months

Question 49

veto

Answer 49

prohibit

Question 50

Roman Senate

Answer 50

a council that advised Rome’s leaders

Question 51

patricians

Answer 51

noble, powerful Romans; nobles belong to a high class

Question 52

primary

Answer 52

main, most important

Question 53

checks and balances

Answer 53

kept one part of )government from being stronger than others

Question 54

Why was it important to have the laws written down?

Answer 54

It protected people from being punished for breaking laws they didn’t know about

Question 55

Which was the LEAST important reason that Rome gained power in the Mediterranean region?

Answer 55

A) religion B) trade C) military organization D) wars and conquests The answer is A

Question 56

According to Roman legend, the city of Rome was founded by whom?

Answer 56

A) Latin people who moved to Italy from Egypt B) Romulus and Remus C) the gods of Greece who were looking for a new home D) a Greek warrior named Achilles who had fled from Troy The answer is B

Question 57

Roman nobles were called

Answer 57

A) patricians B) plebeians C) tribunes D) magistrates The answer is A

Question 58

Which of the following did NOT apply to Roman government?

Answer 58

A) system of checks and balances B) sense of civic duty C) written code of laws D) equality for all people The answer is D

Question 59

What is the same about the early Roman government and our current government?

Answer 59

they are both republics; three branches of government; system of checks and balances

Question 60

What is unique to our government compared to that of ancient Rome?

Answer 60

In the United States we have one chief executive. It’s our president. Our president is elected every 4 years. Woman can vote. We have a constitution and state laws. All people have equal rights.

Question 61

What is unique about the early Roman government compared to our current government?

Answer 61

There were two chief executives called consuls. The consuls were elected every year. Women could not vote. They had the laws written on twelve tables or tablets. OnlyCom men could vote.

Question 62

Compare the Legislative branch of the US and Roman governments. The Legislative branch makes the laws.

Answer 62

US - makes laws, votes, taxes, declares war. Elected by the people. There is a Senate and a House of Representatives.
Ancient Rome - It had the Senate that included 300 members who served for life. They advised the consuls. The Assemblies included all citizens. They could declare war or agree to a peach treaty. The Tribunes were elected yearly.

Question 63

Compare the Judicial branch of the US and Roman governments. The Judicial branch evaluates the laws.

Answer 63

US - says what the laws mean and whether a law has been broken. The Supreme Court and Federal Courts and appointed by the president with agreement of the senate.
Rome - The Praetors were elected yearly by men who could vote. They acted as the judges.

Question 64

Compare the Executive branch of the US and Roman governments. The Executive branch carries out the laws.

Answer 64

US - they carry out the laws and command the armed forces. The President is elected by the people over four years. The president appoints other officials.
Rome - It had two Consuls who were elected every year by voting men. They had almost kingly power. Other Magistrates were elected yearly by voting men. They helped the consuls with the day-to-day business of the government.