Roman Control and Religion

Question 1

Imperial Cult

Answer 1

‘A temple also erected to the Divine Claudius was ever before their eyes, a citadel, as it seemed, of perpetual tyranny. Men chosen as priests had to squander their whole fortunes under the pretence of a religious ceremonial.’ tacitus 14.31

Question 2

Land Seizure

Answer 2

‘His kingdom was plundered by centurions, his house by slaves, as if they were the spoils of war.’ Tacitus 14.31

Question 3

Claudius’ Aureus

Answer 3

Aureus depicting the triumphal arch from the conquest of britain. Minted between 46 and 50. Arch was not completed until 51AD.

Question 4

Legit Triumph

Answer 4

‘Desiring the glory of a legitimate triumph, he chose Britain as the best place for gaining it.’ Suetonius Claudius 17

Question 5

Slaughter in wales

Answer 5

‘Slaughtered almost the entire nation.’ Ordovices Tacitus Agricola 18

Question 6

Tax Reform

Answer 6

‘He eased the levy of grain and tribute.’ Although this reflects well on Agricola, it suggests that Taxation was burdensome before his reforms. Tacitus Agricola 19

Question 7

Urbanisation

Answer 7

‘To induce a people hitherto scattered, uncivilised and therefore prone to fight to grow pleasurably inured to peace.’ Agricola encouraged individuals and assisted communities to build temples, public squares and proper houses.’ and Tacitus Agricola 21

Question 8

Agricultural Improvements

Answer 8

Addition of a coulter to ploughs, Better grain storage, The introduction of spelt wheat, improved animal husbandry

Question 9

Arrival of Roman villas

Answer 9

Large villa estates such as fishbourne. Had a road leading to it from Chichester, Ornamental gardens and over 100rooms.

Question 10

Urbanisation

Answer 10

The movement of people en masse to villages centred around Roman forts, forum basilica complexes or colonies.

Question 11

resource exploitation?

Answer 11

Mendip lead pig.

Question 12

evidence of syncretism?

Answer 12

Sulis-minerva altar at bath / Mercury-Rosmerta

Question 13

Roman Control

Answer 13

‘The britons could not be kept under Roman control.’ ~117AD SHA 5.1

Question 14

Vindolanda Tungrian Strength Report

Answer 14

reveals a shortage of centurions. 6/10 with 3 of those on other duties around the province. Shows that there was no requirement for military leadership at Hadrian’s wall.

Question 15

VIndolanda Birthday Party

Answer 15

Invitation of Lepidina

Question 16

Evidence of Roman Tolerance of Celtic Religion

Answer 16

Shrine of water-goddess Conventina near Carrawburgh. Alongside shrines to the Mithraeum and genus loci. dedicated a prefect.

Question 17

Roman debt-Slavery in Boudiccan revolt

Answer 17

‘Among the rest of mankind death frees even those who are in slavery to others’ Dio 62.3

Question 18

Evidence that Boudica’s revolt was not for freedom but for plunder

Answer 18

‘sack and plunder two Roman cities.’ Dio 62.7

Question 19

Roman Disarmament

Answer 19

‘Prepared to disarm the suspect and to overawe the whole district on this side of the Trent and Severn.’ Tacitus Annals 12.31

Question 20

Evidence of on duty soldiers setting up families

Answer 20

Tomb of Sdapeze, Thracian cavalry. dedicated by his ‘heirs under his will.’

Question 21

Relief evidence that Claudius used the conquest of Britain for personal glory

Answer 21

Sebasteion at Aphrodisias

Question 22

Slave to the province

Answer 22

Claudia Martina

Question 23

Caratacus

Answer 23

‘fighting to retain our freedom.’ Agricola 31