Roman classicism

Question 1

what are three important features of Hadrian’s villa

Answer 1

1. carytids at the Canopus - larger than life replications. 2 male figures which are called Egyptianising. From tomb at Erechtheion.
2. eight niches along the curved end of the half dome. couch/reclining area under the dome
3. Alligator among the flowers and decorative garden sculptures. Egyptian motifs found in other villas of the period.
4. Roman collonade of alternating and curved lintels.
5. Hellenistic copies and Greek sculptures such as a small Demeter and Dionysus sculpture.

Question 2

What did Zanker and others think was the programme of Hadrian’s villa?

Answer 2

His travels ((arguably the eclecticism is intentional))

Question 3

What’s the relationship between the Nile, the Villa, and Antinous?

Answer 3

Antinous, Hadrian’s lover, was thought to have died on the Nile. The villa’s water is thought to represent the Nile, perhaps having a somber feeling after his death. his image was wildly popular in the ancient world.

Question 4

What Hadrianic art is used in the Arch of Constantine?

Answer 4

The Tondi Adrianei - eight large tondo reliefs depicting a series of hunts and sacrifices.

Question 5

what is on the first Hadrianic tondo?

Answer 5

hunters with a horse and a large dog moves forward from an arched gateway, setting out for a day of sport

Question 6

what is on the second, third, and fourth tondo? and the 5th 6th and 7th.

Answer 6

the scenes of the chase, each paired with a scene of sacrifice

Question 7

what is the final tondo

Answer 7

depicts a sacrifice to Apollo and the return from the hunt. The Apollo looks like a replica of the Ludovisi Lyceus

Question 8

what portraits were added to the arch?

Answer 8

the face of the young constantine was superimposed

Question 9

How was it dated to the Hadrianic period?

Answer 9

the classicising style was not enough - the appearance of Antinous figures confirmed they were Hadrianic. heroic nude

Question 10

What are the components of the Arch of Constantine?

Answer 10

1. Shows the end of the tetrarchy in typical military continous narrative in the middle. recent historical reality.
2. above that are the Hadrian roundels.
3. Grecian columns
4. on the top are Marcus Aurelius frieze panels depicting Attic narrative, on either side of the Constantinian inscription.
5. Dacian captives act as carytids
6. constantinian plinths

Question 11

Arch of Constantine provenance

Answer 11

Arch of Constantine, 312-315 C.E., and older spolia, marble and porphyry, Rome

Question 12

what is the debate about the Arch of Constantine?

Answer 12

thought to be emblematic of the 3rd century crisis of style. Berenson and others think it indicates decline and need to take the style, rather than emblematic of Roman eclecticism