Roman Architecture Flashcards

1
Q

What were the columns used for?

A

The column orders were (in most cases), not structural and used of decoration only

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2
Q

What did the building types include?

A

Aqueducts and Cisterns, Roads and Bridges, Theaters, Arenas, Circuses, Baths, Forums, Basilicas, Forums, Temples, Palaces, Warehouses, Dams, Defensive Walls, Triumphal Arches, Light Houses, etc.

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3
Q

What is the Roman Forum?

A

The Public Space (like Greek Agora)

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4
Q

What is the Roman Basilica?

A

The primary building that abutted the space (like Greek Stoa) except Basilica had large arch supported interior civic space
- BIG, GAUDY, POWERFUL

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
Roman architecture was spatially organized, symmetrical and axial that forced the observer along a
path to control and dominate them and reinforce the power of the state.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

Did Romans use symmetry?

A

Symmetry was used to order and organize large building programs such Roman Bath complexes bc of mass size of the acreage

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of Roman Arch?

A

extravagant, gaudy, showy, colorful, over the top

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8
Q

Where does the word “architecture” come from?

A

knowledge of ‘arch technology”

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9
Q

What were TWO concepts from the Ancient World?

A

Technologies and Spatial Comparison

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10
Q

What are the Spatial Comparison Concepts for Romans Material?

A

Organized, Axial, Control and Dominate the Viewer, Impressive Interior Spaces, gaudy to show off power and wealth

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11
Q

What leads to the creation of Rome?

A

Invention of the arch and the invention of concrete

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12
Q

What did temples represent for the Romans?

A

Represented state and emperor

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13
Q

Information of Building Materials

A
  • After Carrara Quarry opens, unlimited supply of white marble
  • Perfected brick making, and new material - CONCRETE
  • Employed raw material - concrete - to make massive walls and vaults to enclose spaces
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14
Q

What Romans see Space as?

A

Space was as important as the mass that was enclosing it

  • Use of space was PRIMARY
  • was an ACTIVE ELEMENT
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15
Q

Which structures had some form of Greek system of order?

A

Arches and Vaults

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16
Q

Arch -

A

supports itself, mural structure

17
Q

Vault -

A

supports something, also roofs over significant area of building

18
Q

CONCRETE -

A
  • mixture of mortar like cement with aggregate
  • Romans used Pozzolana - volcanic ash yielded a mortar of tremendous strength
  • Was mixed with aggregate - small chunks of solids, stone, gravel, building debris
  • Solidified into dense, homogenous mass that constituted artificial stone - concrete
19
Q

What did they use to bring water into these growing cities?

A

Aqueducts
- The city of Rome has 1.25-1.7 million people at its height with aqueducts that could bring in
350 million gallons of water per day.
- had 11 aqueducts throughout Rome

20
Q

Theater of Marcellus: 11 BC

- Where was it located?

A
  • dressed with brick, marble, and columns
  • used arches on interior and exterior
  • reused as home and shelter later
  • Seats 10K spectators - early architecture
  • Transformed into medieval fortress and a renaissance palace
  • Doric Column Orders at base, Ionic Column Order above
  • Located in Rome, Italy
21
Q

Colosseum: 80 AD

- Where was it located?

A
  • Named after colossal statue of Nero
  • Embodies highest degree and largest scale all virtues of - structure and design
  • 50K people, 165’ tall
  • Most seating collapsed, preserved site as a ruin
  • Survives through history of saints, Christians didn’t like the history of bloody and gory fights
  • Achieved by perfecting earlier ideas by expanding scale successfully within elliptical
  • System of tunnels, chambers, mechanical devices under the arena floor – dressing rms, animal cages located here
22
Q

Roman Mastery

A

Roman Mastery had Function, structure, materials - concrete, travertine, tufa, brick, marble, wood — was now complete

23
Q

Baths of Caracalla:(A.D 216):

- Where was it located?

A
  • Sophisticated - had Hot and Cold water areas
  • Cooled area, symmetrically designed to order and organize a large building
  • Did Not separate sexes
  • Had: Changing Rooms, Exercise Areas, Hot Room, Steam Room, used special oils and massages
  • 50 acres of space
  • 2 largest and best preserved - Caracalla and Diocletian
  • Scheme of vast complexity and rigorous, bilateral symmetry replaced simple, barrel vaulted chambers
  • Main axis - cool swimming pool
  • Sunny South End - tepidarium and caldarium
  • Main block had 8 entrances
    Has hierarchical pattern with central ‘spine’
  • Women used in the morning, men used in afternoon
  • Located in Rome, Italy
24
Q

Temples

A

Few survived, represented a pagan perspective

  • most demolished, seen as unimportant
  • Scores of temples built during every period at great scale and high expense
  • Shared axial plan, board, triple, cella, low silhouette, deep porch, wide spread columns, terra cotta structure with Etruscans
25
Q

Where is Maison Carree located?

A

20 B.C: Nimes, France; Roman (Temple)

- one of best preserved roman temples

26
Q

Pantheon: 118-28 A.D:

  • Where was it located?
  • What is it also known as?
A
  • Influenced the design of the UVA Thomas Jefferson Library
  • 142’ interior span across and 142’ height
  • Clear open oculus at top. 28’ diameter
  • Known as the “Pantheon of Gods”
  • Monumental: each niche is to hold another God
  • Rome, Italy
27
Q

Arch of Titus: 90 AD

A

Roman form of “advertisement” (They liked to mark things w/ arches)

  • Built to celebrate Conquest of Palestine
  • important Roman prototype - a Triumphant Arch
28
Q

City Planning

A

was unplanned that evolves over time

29
Q

What are Castrum Cities?

A

Easier for Roman soldiers to navigate/know. These soldiers fought for the Roman culture/lifestyle.

30
Q

What does Castrum mean?

A

Military grid, N/E/S/W Streets, (Baths, religion, homes, gates, cemetery)