Greek Architecture

Question 1

What is the Temple of Hera I also called? Where is it located?

Answer 1

The Basilica, or Temple of Hera I (530BC)

- Located in Paestum, Italy

Question 2

What is the Temple of Hera II also called? Where is it also located?

Answer 2

The Temple of Poseidon, or Temple of Hera II (460 BC)

- Located in Paestum, Italy

Question 3

Which buildings are located in Athens, Greece?

Answer 3

Parthenon, Temple of Athena, Erechtheum, Temple of Olympian Zeus

Question 4

Which building had the Doric Angle Conflict? What was wrong with it?

Answer 4

The Parthenon

• Spacing btw columns differ, every column is tilted in a diff direction, with diff spacings
• Architrave and corneous is curved

Question 5

Ionic Order:

Answer 5

Sima
Corona
Dentils
Architrave
Capital
Shaft
Base

Question 6

DIFFERENCE BTW STOA & AGORA

Answer 6

FIRST RETAIL STRIP VS. PUBLIC SPACE WHERE SOCIETY INTERACTS

Question 7

What is a Caryatid

Answer 7

sculpted female figures serving as an architectural support taking the place of a column or pillar

Question 8

Agora

Answer 8

complex of stoas (shopping center).

- Town square, interactions and people converse

Question 9

Parts of the Theater

Answer 9

Scene - backdrop
Proscenium - stage
Orchestra - pit in front of the auditorium before the stage
Auditorium - seating, had to carve into side of mountain/hillside into the landscape

Question 10

Doric Order:

Answer 10

Cornice
Frieze
Architrave
Capital
Shaft
Stylobate
Stereobate

Question 11

Who are The Dorians?

Answer 11

were militant, disciplined people with powerful source of tribal order
- Invaded the north about 1100 BC settled in Peloponnesus, Sparta as their center

Question 12

Who are the The Ionians?

Answer 12

had mercantile, trading society

• Some of whom had been driven across the Aegean Sea to Asia Minor
• By the eighth century B.C. two groups had mingled and become a single though highly varied culture and they called themselves Hellenes – opposed to non speaking Greek ‘barbarians’

Question 13

Who were the Hellenes

Answer 13

They were Greek speaking people with common culture and mythology, deeply religious, democratic City-State political unit (each identified with a God)
- comprising 2 ethnic groups: Dorians and Ionians

Question 14

Corinthian Order:

Answer 14

Used very late in Greek Architecture and is more associated with and used in Roman Architecture
- more ornate column order and has its origin in the Ionic Order

Question 15

What were temples seen as by Greeks?

Answer 15

House of the Gods

• symbolized perfection, set in landscape as an object
• ritual took place outside but the cult statue was housed inside.
• approached on an angle

Question 16

What were the Greek building types?

Answer 16

• Temple
• Civic buildings (Stoa – strip shopping) and spaces (Agora – town square)
• Theaters (Scene, Proscenium, Orchestra, Auditorium)

Question 17

What does Acropolis translate to? What does it represent? What are the main buildings?

Answer 17

“High City”

• represents the height of Greek Architecture
• Principle buildings include: the Parthenon, Erechtheum, Athena Nike Temple, and the Propylaea (entrance)