Role of the PT in Health Promotion and Fitness Flashcards
Health
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Wellness
Positive quality of life and outlook on life
Health Promotion
Any effort to improve wellness through awareness and empowerment
Health Education
Learning experiences to help individuals and
communities improve their health by increasing their knowledge and
influencing their attitudes
Population/Public Health
The practice of preventing diseases and
promoting good health by providing the resources and creating
environments that help people stay healthy
Injury Prevention
An effort to prevent or reduce the severity of bodily injuries caused by external mechanisms
Levels of injury prevention
- Primary
- Secondary
- Tertiary
Primary Injury Prevention
- Directly target the problem
- EX: fitness program to lose weight
Secondary Injury Prevention
- Decreasing duration or severity of disease
- EX: fall prevention training for individuals with osteoporosis
Tertiary Injury Prevention
- Decreasing disability
- EX: Fitness program for individuals with decreasing disability
Lifestyle
How one lives
Behavior
The way one acts or conducts oneself towards others
Health Behavior
Activity undertaken by people for the purpose of maintaining or enhancing their health, preventing health problems, or achieving a positive body image
Wellness
Physical and emotional health, spirituality and social connectivity
Quality of life
A standard of health, comfort and happiness experienced by an individual or group
Role of the PT in health and wellness
- ID risk factors
- Prevent or slow progression of functional decline
- Reduce disability
- Provide intervention (increase activity, stop smoking, etc)
Stress
Disruption of the body’s homeostasis or a state of disharmony in response to a real/perceived threat or challenge
Stressor
A threatening or challenging situation
Distress
A stress which is caused by a negative response or reaction
Eustress
A stress which is caused by a positive response or reaction
Emotional Effects of Stress
- Anxiety
- Sadness or depression
- Restlessness
- Fear
- Frustration or anger
- Lack of motivation or focus
- Feeling overwhelmed
Physical Effects of Stress
- Nausea
- Indigestion
- Fatigue
- Muscle tension/pain
- Chest or stomach pains
- Change in sex drive
- Sleep problems
- Headaches
- Memory problems
Behavioral Effects of Stress
- Angry or aggressive outbursts
- Indecisive
- Inflexible
- Overeating/under-eating
- Drug/alcohol misuse
- Tobacco use
- Social withdrawal
- Less active/exercise less
- Mood swings
- Compulsive behaviors
Areas of intervention to manage stress
- Exercise
- Diet/nutrition
- Sleep/rest
- Meditation/relaxation
- Social network (real people)
What percentage of primary care physician visits are related to stress?
75-90%
Causes of Stress
- Change
- Outside force callenging or threatening you
- Loss of personal control
Symptoms of Stress
- Individualized
- Depends on the nature of the stress and level of control over it
- Multisystem
Interventions to manage stress
- ID stressors
- Adequate rest
- Time management
- Healthy eating
- Support network
Modes of exercise to manage stress
- Aerobic
- Yoga
- Tai-Chi
- Resistance exercise
How does exercise physiologically help with stress?
- Not well documented
- Increase in dopamine and serotonin (improves mood)
- Improves ability to sleep
How does exercise cognitively help with stress?
- Improves alertness and concentration
- Provides a break from stress, in a way a meditative state
How can diet and nutrition affect stress?
- The brain needs glucose to work
- Avoid “emotional eating”
- Stress can lead to bad food selection
How can sleep help decrease stress?
Improves physical and mental health
How can stress affect sleep?
Increased adrenaline levels and heart rate can cause poor sleep
Ways sleep can be poor
- Hard time falling asleep
- Cannot stay asleep
- Lack of consistent quality sleep
- Daytime sleepiness
What is meditation?
- Mental exercise for the purpose of achieving relaxation or spiritual awareness
Relaxation
Free of tension and anxiety
Variations of meditation
- Focused attention
- Relaxed breathing
- Quiet sitting
Benefits of meditation
- Sense of calm
- Peace and life balance
- Clear info overload
What maladies can meditation help manage?
- Anxiety
- Asthma
- Chronic pain
- Cancer
- Heart disease
- Depression
- HTN
- Sleep issues
- Headaches
What percentage of college students will feel stressed at some point during their education?
80%
What percentage of college students will feel overwhelmed at least once a year?
50%
What percentage of college students will report feelings of depression?
34%
What percentage of college students will have thoughts of suicide?
10%
How do stress levels in DPT students compare to normal working adults and other college students?
DPT students tend to have higher levels of stress
Do female or male DPT students have higher levels of stress?
Females
Do first or second year DPT students have higher anxiety?
Second year students
Do stress levels have a strong correlation with academic performance?
No
Interventions to manage stress in students
- Be prepared, don’t fall behind
- Mimic testing conditions for practice
- Study more effectively
- Calm down breathing techniques
- Eat and sleep well
- Exercise
Athletes, stress, and injury
- Increased stress can lead to both acute and overuse injury
- Athletes with anxiety are 2.3x more likely to get hurt vs those who didn’t
What can stress lead to in athletic activity?
- Acute and chronic injury
- Increased muscle tension
- Increased recovery time
- Fatigue/burnout
- Higher susceptibility to illness
Types of stressors for athletes
- Competitive
- Organizational
- Personal
Competitive stressors for athletes
- Injury and returning from injury
- Pressure of a game
- Who the opponent is
- Competition for starting position
- Changing form or technique
Organizational stressors for athletes
- Training issues
- Conflict with teammates and coaches
- Lack of support from organization/team/school
- Travel issues
Personal stressors for athletes
- Lifestyle changes
- Financial
- Outside commitments
- Parents
- Not wanting to play
Interventions for stress in athletes
- Monitoring vitals and workload
- Breathing exercises
- Muscle relaxation
- Visualizing success
- Mindfulness
- Time management
- Sleep/rest
- Take a break
- Positive self-talk
