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CPD > Role Of The Chemical Engineer In Design > Flashcards

Role Of The Chemical Engineer In Design Flashcards

1
Q

List some responsibilities of a process/chemical engineer

A
  • Prepare process flow diagrams and heat and material balances
  • Assist in calculating and evaluating the economics of a project
  • Assist in the development of flow diagrams for piping and instrumentation design
  • Size and review inquiry specifications for tanks, vessels, reactors, towers and other equipment
  • Review specifications for equipment for utility services
  • Supply basic data required for instrumentation specifications
  • Size safety relief valves and flare systems
  • Create flow diagrams covering vent and flare systems
  • etc…
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2
Q

List the six basic stages of a typical chemical process

A
  • Raw material storage
  • Feed preparation
  • Reactor
  • Product separation
  • Purification
  • Product storage
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3
Q

List the fixed design constraints encountered during the design process (these set the outer boundary of possible designs)

A
  • Constraints that arise from physical laws
  • Government regulations
  • Standards and codes
  • Resources
  • Safety regulations
  • Economic constraints
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4
Q

List the flexible design constraints encountered during the design process (these set the inner boundary of possible designs)

A
  • Choice of process
  • Process conditions
  • Materials
  • Equipment
  • Personnel
  • Time
  • Methods
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5
Q

What are the different stages a plant design project goes through

A
  1. Idea generation
  2. Pre-feasibility study
  3. Feasibility study
  4. Basic and final development
  5. Execution
  6. Commissioning and start-up
  7. Evaluation and operation
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6
Q

What are the benefits of breaking down the project life span into different stages

A
  • Easier management

- Money saving decision making (stopping a failing project before a lot of money is spent on it)

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7
Q

Explain what happens in the design objective stage

A

A complete statement of the requirements should be obtained before starting. Distinguish between the real needs and wants.

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8
Q

Explain what happens in the data collection stage

A

Collecting information on possible processes, equipment performance and physical property data

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9
Q

Explain what happens in the generation of possible design solutions stage

A

The first step in devising a new process design is to sketch out a rough block diagram showing the main stages in the process and to list the primary function and major constraints for each stage.

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10
Q

Explain what happens sateges happens in the selection stage

A

The selection process goes through four stages:

  • possible designs (credible) - within external constraints
  • plausible designs (feasible) - within internal constraints
  • probably designs - likely candidates
  • best design (optimum) - best solution for problem
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11
Q

Name the different types of documentation that will be circulated and accumulated during a projects life span

A
  • General correspondence
  • Calculation sheets
  • Drawings
  • Specification sheets
  • Purchase orders
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12
Q

Give some examples of general correspondence within the group and:

A
  • government departments
  • equipment vendors
  • site personnel
  • the client
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13
Q

Give some examples of calculation sheets

A
  • design calculations
  • costing
  • computer print-out
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14
Q

Give some examples of drawings

A
  • flow-sheets
  • piping and instrumentation diagrams
  • layout diagrams
  • plot/site plans
  • equipment details
  • piping diagrams
  • architectural drawings
  • design sketches
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15
Q

Give some examples of specification sheets

A
  • pumps

- heat exchangers

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16
Q

Give some examples of purchase orders

A
  • quotations

- invoices

17
Q

Describe the different areas of engineering practice that codes and standards cover

A
  • Materials, properties and composition
  • Testing procedures for performance, composition, quality
  • Preferred sizes
  • Design methods, inspection and fabrication
  • Codes of practice for plant operation and safety
18
Q

What are the main advantages of using codes and standards

A
  • Best means of communication
  • Communicates desire
  • Utilises valuable experience and latest technology
  • Lower equipment costs
  • Reduced operating costs
  • Improved safety and reliability
19
Q

What are the main disadvantages of using codes and standards

A

Standards impose constraints on the designer

20
Q

Describe the factors of safety encountered during the design process

A

To ensure that design specifications are met, factors are included to give a margin of safety in design. Design factors are applied in process design to give some tolerance in the design

21
Q

Describe units of measurement during the design process

A

It is best practice to stick to one set of units in a design

22
Q

Name the steps when optimizing a system

A
  • Clearly identify the objective
  • Determine the objective function
  • Find the values of the variables that give the optimum value of the objective function
23
Q

Name the general factors to consider for design over and above the ones already mentioned

A
  • plant location
  • plant layout
  • plant operation and control
  • utilities
  • structural design
  • storage
  • materials handling
  • waste disposal
  • health and safety
  • patents
  • environmental considerations
  • legal restrictions
24
Q

Name the factors when choosing a plant site

A
  • raw materials
  • markets
  • power and fuel
  • climate
  • transportation facilities
  • water supply
  • waste disposal
  • labour supply
  • taxation and legal restrictions
  • site characteristics
  • flood and fire protection
  • community factors
25
Q

Name the relevant factors to consider in plant layout

A
  • New site development or addition to previously developed site
  • Type and quantity of products to be produced
  • Possible future expansions
  • Operational convenience and accessibility
  • Type of process and product control
  • Economic distribution of utilities and services
  • Type of buildings and building code requirements
  • Health and safety considerations
  • Waste-disposal problems
26
Q

Give an overview of structural design

A

Correct foundation design is important - heavy equipment and machines that vibrate is typical of a process plant and the foundation must be designed with that in mind

27
Q

Name the classes for material handling

A
  • Liquids
  • Solids
  • Gases
28
Q

Name and discuss the ways of waste disposal

A
  • Eliminate at source
  • Recovery of waste products
  • Regulate waste flow to fit dilution
  • Divert waste
  • Waste treatment
29
Q

Describe the duty and job of a process/chemical engineer

A
  • To choose proper raw materials
  • Select appropriate steps/operations in appropriate sequence
  • Specify the exact conditions under which each step must be carried out

CPD (7 decks)

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