Role Of Hormones

Question 1

What type of hormone is testosterone?

Answer 1

It is a steroid hormone

Question 2

How much testosterone do females produce?

Answer 2

Females produce 10% of the amount in males

Question 3

What are the physical affects of testosterone?

Answer 3

Influences external and internal genitalia, brain and behaviour in early pregnancy

Question 4

What are gonads?

Answer 4

Sex glands such as testes and ovaries

Question 5

What does the Y chromosome do?

Answer 5

Causes gonads to become testes in week 8 of gestation and produces testosterone

Question 6

What gene controls gonads?

Answer 6

SRY gene

Question 7

What happens in pregnancy / birth with testosterone?

Answer 7

Surge of testosterone in boys heightens after birth for first 6 months.
Acts on the hypothalamus and sex organs.

Question 8

What does testosterone do to the brain?

Answer 8

Acts on the hypothalamus to masculinise the brain due to males having a larger sexual dimorphic nucleus.

Question 9

Who conducted research into the role of testosterone?

Answer 9

Young 1966

Question 10

What did Young 1966 research into the role of testosterone?

Answer 10

Gave male hormones to mice which lead to irreversible changes in gendered behaviours. Concluding that hormones could have a key role in determining behaviours.

Question 11

What type of hormone is oestrogen?

Answer 11

A steroid hormone

Question 12

What does oestrogen do?

Answer 12

Develops female characteristics
regulates menstrual cycle
behavioural effects such as PMS

Question 13

How does oestrogen affect the brain?

Answer 13

It promotes neural interconnective which leads to equal use of both hemispheres.

Question 14

Who conducted research into the role of oestrogen?

Answer 14

Pepe et al

Question 15

Explain Pepe et al’s research into the role of oestrogen

Answer 15

Increased oestrogen in pregnant baboons which reduced levels of miscarriages by regulating progesterone levels. This shows that oestrogen helps to maintain and promote pregnancy

Question 16

What type of hormone is oxytocin?

Answer 16

A polypeptide hormone

Question 17

What does oxytocin act as?

Answer 17

A neurotransmitter

Question 18

Where is oxytocin produced?

Answer 18

In and out of the brain

Question 19

How does oxytocin act in females - physically?

Answer 19

Greater in females as it sinigises with oestrogen. Helps to stimulate contractions and breastfeeding.

Question 20

In what 2 ways does oxytocin effect female social behaviour?

Answer 20

Mate selection and nurturing, acceptance and protection of offspring.

Question 21

How does oxytocin effect a male physically?

Answer 21

Acts as a ‘let down reflex’ during a male orgasm.

Question 22

Who conducted research into the role of oxytocin?

Answer 22

Van Leengoed et al

Question 23

What did Van Leegoed et al research into the role of oxytocin?

Answer 23

Injected an antagonist into rats shortly after birth to inhibit oxytocin production. Delayed maternal behaviours. Supports importance of oxytocin in maternal behaviours.