Roesler final section Flashcards
Glucose can ultimately be converted into what three metabolic fuels?
glycogen
amino acids
fatty acids/ triacylglycerols
Fatty acids can be converted into what other fuel in humans?
ketone bodies
Amino acids can be converted into what 3 fuels?
Glucose / glycogen
fatty acids/ triacylglycerols
ketone bodies
What is the most highly concentrated form of stored biological energy?
triacylglycerols
Explain the major metabolic processes in the liver involving glucose?
- glucokinase in liver is not inhibited by glucose 6p
- liver has a high capacity for glucose metabolism
- glucose 6 phosphate is the main metabolism in the liver
- liver exports glucose to maintain blood sugar levels for brain
In a fed state, what is the liver using glucose for?
glucose will go towards:
- ATP production (small %)
- glycogen
- fatty acids
- cholesterol
- NADPH
- nucleotides
In a fasting state, how is the liver maintaining blood sugar levels?
- glycogen and gluconeogenesis are making glucose
What 3 unique features of the liver contribute to it acting as a glucose sensor?
- liver has a specific glucose transporter GLUT2 which has a high KM for glucose meaning it can respond to high glucose concentrations
- liver has a specific hexokinase called glucokinase that has a high KM for glucose and is not inhibited by glucose 6p
- Liver glycogen phosphorylase A is inhibited by glucose
In a fed state, what is the liver using amino acids for?
- to make proteins in the liver
- to make nucleotides
- exports excess amino acids elsewhere
In a fasting state, what is the liver using amino acids for?
- making glucose
- making a small % of ATP
In a fed state, what is the liver using fatty acids for?
- converting them to triacylglycerols and phospholipids
In a fasting state what is the liver using fatty acids for?
- MAJOR source of ATP
- Ketone body formation when needed
during prolonged fasting, what provides as much as 70% of the energy in the brain?
ketone bodies
In a fed state, what are fat cells using glucose for?
- making a small % of ATP
- making acetyl COA and DHAP which eventually get converted into triacylglycerols
- making NADPH
In a fasting state, what do fat cells do to triacylglycerols?
breaks them down to get energy, making fatty acids and glycerol