rockz Flashcards
3 Types of Rocks
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
are formed by magma and lava as it cools. Igneous rocks form in two different ways.
Rock that comes from lava cools very fast and can either be very light and airy or the rocks can be glassy.
Rocks that come from magma are formed under ground. They are often times very hard and have more colors.
Igneous Rock
igneous rock forms when magma or volcanic fragments erupt and solidify on Earth’s surface which results to very fine-grained rock with very small crystals that could not be seen through naked eye
extrusive igneous rock
forms when magma crystallizes within the crust and is composed of medium to coarse grains. It is also known as a plutonic rock.
intrusive igneous rock
is made when sediments (sand, gravel, and dirt) are pressed together over time and become a rock
formed in layers.
Sedimentary rock
Diagenesis is a collective process where sediments are lithified (becomes rock). It has two main parts:
Cementation
Compaction
are made up of sediments from preexisting rocks.
Clastic sedimentary rocks
can be biological, chemical, or a combination of both.
Non-clastic sedimentary rocks
are lithified accumulation of dead organisms.
Biological sedimentary rocks
form from chemical precipitation
Chemical sedimentary rocks
are made from other rocks.
Heat and pressure help change an igneous or sedimentary rock into a new kind of rock (think about how a caterpillar becomes a butterfly)
Metamorphic Rock
occurs when there are major igneous intrusions, presence of extreme pressure and heat due to deep burial.
Regional metamorphism
occurs only at a local area adjacent to large intrusions and along fractures that are in contact with hot fluids
Contact metamorphism
subject to unequal pressure
foliated
subjected to uniform pressure
non-foliated
are formed when parallel planes of platy or elongated minerals creating what is called as foliations.
Foliated metamorphic rocks
do not have layered appearance. Examples are marble, quartzite, and anthracite.
Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks
shows that all rocks are related to each other.
Igneous rocks can change into sedimentary or metamorphic rocks.
Sedimentary rocks may also transform into igneous or metamorphic rocks.
Metamorphic rocks can change into the all the three rock types.
The rock cycle
are different atoms that are formed in a pattern. They can be big or small, fat or thin.
Crystals
Rocks can be sorted into groups by looking at their parts. Some rock parts are:
Crystals
Grains
are smaller pieces of rock or sediment. Grain size is something that is used a lot to help decide the rock type.
Grain
