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Science > Rocks + Minerals (Chapter 9) > Flashcards

Rocks + Minerals (Chapter 9) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outer layer of the Earth including the crust.

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2
Q

Minerals

A

A solid, non organic substance.

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3
Q

Magma

A

Hot fluid below the earth’s crust where lava is formed.

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4
Q

Sediments

A

Matter that sits at the bottom of a liquid.

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5
Q

Native Elements

A

Elements that are natural

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6
Q

Crystal

A

A solid substance made from molecules

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7
Q

Lustre

A

A mineral that reflects light

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8
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Rocks that are formed from cool lava and magma

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9
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Igneous rocks that are cooled when above the Earth’s crust

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10
Q

Viscosity

A

.

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11
Q

Streak

A

The colour of a mineral

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12
Q

Hardness

A

Solid and it’s not easily broken

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13
Q

Lustre

A

The way a mineral reflects in the light

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14
Q

Pumice

A

A light and prous volcanic rock when lava cools quickly.

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15
Q

Scoria

A

An igneous rock that is formed when lava cools quickly.

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16
Q

Abrasive

A

A substance that will scratch another substance quite easily.

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17
Q

Obsidian

A

A hard, dark rock that is formed when lava cools quickly, it’s glasslike.

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18
Q

Intrusive rocks

A

Igneous rocks that are created when magma cools in the mantle

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19
Q

Batholiths

A

An intrusive rock that is greater than 100kms wide

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20
Q

Granite

A

An igneous rock that has different coloured rocks inside of it.

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21
Q

Basalt

A

A dark, fine-grained rock with crystals which is formed when lava cools.

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22
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

Rocks that are formed from sediments

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23
Q

Erosion

A

Destruction caused by weathering

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24
Q

Floodplains

A

Land near rivers that contain sediments

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25
Q

Glaciers

A

Blocks of ice

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26
Q

Moraines

A

Deposits from moving glaciers

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27
Q

Sandstone

A

Sedimentary rocks with sand-grains

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28
Q

Mudstone

A

Sedimentary rock that is fine-grained

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29
Q

Shale

A

A sedimentary rock that is fine-grained and formed from clay.

30
Q

Conglomerate

A

A sedimentary rock that contains huge particles of different sizes stuck together

31
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock created from dead sea substances

32
Q

Coal

A

A sedimentary rock formed from dead or decaying animals

33
Q

Rocksalt

A

A deposit when a lake with salt in it dries up

34
Q

Metamorphism

A

Rocks that are able to change through heat and pressure

35
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

Rock that is able to form from another rock that has been heated underground

36
Q

Slate

A

A metamorphic rock created from heat and pressure on shale

37
Q

Marble

A

Metamorphic rock created from pressure on limestone

38
Q

Gneiss

A

A metamorphic rock created from pressure on granite

39
Q

Mineral ores

A

Rocks that were mined to obtain metal

40
Q

Mining

A

Obtaining natural resources from the Earth’s crust

41
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

Rocks that are formed from sediments

42
Q

Erosion

A

Destruction caused by weathering

43
Q

Floodplains

A

Land near rivers that contain sediments

44
Q

Glaciers

A

Blocks of ice

45
Q

Moraines

A

Deposits from moving glaciers

46
Q

Sandstone

A

Sedimentary rocks with sand-grains

47
Q

Mudstone

A

Sedimentary rock that is fine-grained

48
Q

Shale

A

A sedimentary rock that is fine-grained and formed from clay.

49
Q

Conglomerate

A

A sedimentary rock that contains huge particles of different sizes stuck together

50
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock created from dead sea substances

51
Q

Coal

A

A sedimentary rock formed from dead or decaying animals

52
Q

Rocksalt

A

A deposit when a lake with salt in it dries up

53
Q

Metamorphism

A

Rocks that are able to change through heat and pressure

54
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

Rock that is able to form from another rock that has been heated underground

55
Q

Slate

A

A metamorphic rock created from heat and pressure on shale

56
Q

Marble

A

Metamorphic rock created from pressure on limestone

57
Q

Gneiss

A

A metamorphic rock created from pressure on granite

58
Q

Mineral ores

A

Rocks that were mined to obtain metal

59
Q

Mining

A

Obtaining natural resources from the Earth’s crust

60
Q

Stone age

A

2 million years ago when humans started using stone.

61
Q

Alloy

A

Mixture of a metal and non-metal

62
Q

Flint

A

A sedimentary rock which leaves sharp edges when broken

63
Q

Percussion flaking

A

process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones

64
Q

Fossil

A

a trace of an animal or plant from a former age

65
Q

Palaeontologist

A

a scientist who studies for fossils

66
Q

Folding

A

the buckling of rocks

67
Q

Relative age

A

comparing the ages of two different rocks

68
Q

Carnivore

A

animal that eats another animal

69
Q

Scavengers

A

animals that eat dead plants

70
Q

Mould

A

cavity in a rock that shows the hard parts of an organism

71
Q

Trace fossils

A

fossils that provide evidence

72
Q

Extinct

A

animals that were once living but are now not

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