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Year 8 Science > Rocks (Chapter 9) > Flashcards

Rocks (Chapter 9) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What substance are rocks made from, and can be found in biological bodies

A

Minerals

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2
Q

The outermost layer of the Earth, including the crust

A

Lithosphere

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3
Q

A combination of hot gases and rocks, below the Earth’s surface

A

Magma

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4
Q

Broken down material from erosion or weathering, where it is collected in layers from water or wind

A

Sediments

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5
Q

Uncombined elements found in the Earths crust

A

Native-Elements

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6
Q

A geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes. The elements that make up a crystal and the conditions present during the crystal’s growth determine the arrangement of atoms and molecules and the shape of the crystals.

A

Crystal

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7
Q

The appearance of a mineral from the way it reflects light, including glassy, waxy, metallic, dull, pearly, silky or brilliant

A

Lustre

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8
Q

color of a mineral as a fine powder, found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile

A

Streak

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9
Q

A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material. The hardness rating of a mineral is determined by comparison with ten standard minerals.

A

Hardness

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10
Q

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption

A

Igneous Rocks

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11
Q

Igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

A

Extrusive Rocks

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12
Q

A pale rock that forms when frothy lava cools in the air

A

Pumice

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13
Q

A dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly

A

Scoria

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14
Q

A property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

A

Abrasive

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15
Q

A dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava. It sometimes has holes that once contained volcanic gases

A

Basalt

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16
Q

A black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces

A

Obsidian

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17
Q

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

A

Intrusive Rocks

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18
Q

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

A

Batholiths

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19
Q

a hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see. It forms slowly below the Earth’s surface

A

Granite

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20
Q

Rocks made from movement

A

Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

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21
Q

Rocks made from the remains of living organisms

A

Organic Sedimentary Rocks

22
Q

Rocks made from erosion where the minerals are left behind, combining into a crystal.

A

Chemical Sedimentary Rocks

23
Q

When weathering and movement affect a rock

A

Erosion

24
Q

A dead object that has been buried underground for many many years

A

Fossils

25
Q

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

A

Glaciers

26
Q

Deposit left by movement of a glacier

A

Moraines

27
Q

Sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

A

Conglomerate

28
Q

A rock that changes form due to heat and pressure

A

Metamorphic Rocks

29
Q

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

A

Metamorphism

30
Q

A fine-grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale

A

Slate

31
Q

A metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

A

Marble

32
Q

A coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

A

Gneiss

33
Q

A sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts

A

Sandstone

34
Q

A fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

A

Mudstone

35
Q

A fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

A

Shale

36
Q

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

A

Siltstone

37
Q

The process of rocks changing

A

Rock Cycle

38
Q

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

A

Mineral Ores

39
Q

Extraction of natural resources from the Earth

A

Mining

40
Q

Study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

A

Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)

41
Q

Restored to its previous condition

A

Rehabilitated

42
Q

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored

A

Overburden

43
Q

Mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

A

Open Cut Mining

44
Q

Mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

A

Underground Mining

45
Q

The buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides

A

Folding

46
Q

A scientist who studies fossils

A

Palaeontologist

47
Q

The age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

A

Relative Age

48
Q

Animal that eats other animals

A

Carnivores

49
Q

Animals that eat dead plant and animal material

A

Scavengers

50
Q

Cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

A

Mould

51
Q

When a species/object now longer lives

A

Extinct

Year 8 Science (5 decks)

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