Energy (Chapter 10) Flashcards

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1
Q

A law that states that energy cannot be made or lost. However, energy can be transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object to another

A

Law of Conservation of Energy

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2
Q

The energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor

A

Electrical Energy

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3
Q

Energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level

A

Gravitational Potential Energy

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4
Q

Potential energy derived from chemical reactions

A

Chemical Energy

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5
Q

The potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material

A

Elastic Potential Energy

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6
Q

The energy stored at the centre of atoms, released from the radioactive metals uranium

A

Nuclear Energy

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7
Q

The fraction of energy supplied to a device as useful energy. It is usually expressed as a percentage

A

Efficiency

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8
Q

A material that is a poor conductor of heat

A

Insulators

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9
Q

Transfer of heat through collisions between particles

A

Conduction`

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10
Q

Transfer of heat through the flow of particles

A

Convection

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11
Q

A method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another

A

Radiation

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12
Q

Heat transferred by radiation, as from the sun to the Earth

A

Radiant Heat

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13
Q

Bounced off

A

Reflected

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14
Q

Passed through something, such as light or sound passing through air

A

Transmitted

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15
Q

Taken in

A

Absorbed

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16
Q

Describes plants that lose their leaves during autumn and winter

A

Deciduous

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17
Q

Releasing its own light

A

Luminous

18
Q

Describes objects that emit light when they are hot

A

Incandescent

19
Q

Describes living things that release light energy

A

Bioluminescent

20
Q

Describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light

A

Non-Luminous

21
Q

Describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance

A

Scattered

22
Q

Different colours that combine to make up white light; they are separated in rainbows

A

Visible Spectrum

23
Q

Separation of the colours that make up white light. Each colour is bent differently when it enters or leaves a glass prism

A

Dispersion

24
Q

The radiant energy such as radio waves, infrared, visible light, X-rays and gamma rays released by magnetic or electric fields

A

Electromagnetic Radiation

25
Q

Complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields

A

Electromagnetic Spectrum

26
Q

Low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

A

Radio Waves

27
Q

Low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

A

Infra-red Radiation

28
Q

Invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy

A

Ultra-Violet

29
Q

High energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provide information about their structure

A

X-Rays

30
Q

High energy electromagnetic radiation produced during nuclear reaction

A

Gamma-Rays

31
Q

Repeated fast, back-and-forth movements

A

Vibrations

32
Q

The process of pushing a material into itself

A

Compression

33
Q

In sound waves, the layers of air particles that are spread apart (between compressions)

A

Rarefactions

34
Q

Vibrations of particles in the air

A

Sound Waves

35
Q

Number of vibrations in one second, or the number of wavelengths passing in one second

A

Frequency

36
Q

Unit of frequency; its abbreviation is Hz. One hertz is equal to one vibration every second

A

Hurtz

37
Q

The highness or lowness of a sound. The pitch that you hear depends on the frequency of the vibrating air

A

Pitch

38
Q

Distance between two neighbouring crests or troughs of a wave. This is the distance between two particles vibrating in step

A

Wavelength

39
Q

Maximum distance that a particle moves away from its undisturbed position

A

Amplitude

40
Q

Longer-lasting sound caused by repeated reflection from hard surfaces

A

Reverberation