Rocks and volvanoes Flashcards
Rock cycle
model that illustrates the origin of the three basic types of rocks and the interrelatedness of earths materials and processes
Igneous rock
Rock formed from the cooling and hardening of molten minerals
sedimentary rock
Rock formed from weathered products of pre-existing rock that has been transported, deposited and compacted and cemented
metamorphic rock
Rock formed from the alteration of pre-existing rock under the influence of heat and pressure
intrusive
igneous rock that formed below the earth surface and has larger crystals
extrusive
igneous rock that forms on the earth surface and have smaller crystals
Phaneritic
igneous textured, composed of large crystals that are visible
Alphabetic
igneous texture, composed of small crystals, not visible
Porphyritic
igneous texture, composed of large and small crystals
Glassy
igneous texture that cooled too quickly to have mineral crystals
Intrusion
igneous emplacement of molten rock and pre-existing rock
magma
molten mineral beneath or within the earths crust from which igneous rock is formed
lava
magma that reaches the earth surface
volcano
opening where magma erupts onto earth surface
Geyser
A hot spring, in which water intermittently boil, sending a tall column of water and steam into the air
Hotspot
A concentration of heat in the mantle capable of producing magma, which rises to the earth surface
shield volcano
type of volcano with broad gently, slipping sides
Stratovolcano
large volcano built up from alternating layer of lava in ash
Cindercone volcano
A smaller volcano built from cinders and lava bombs
Diverging
boundary plate spread apart
subduction
A boundary which one edge of one crystal plate is forced below the edge of another can form deep ocean trenches
Mafic
type of lava flow that is less thin, fast moving not explosive
felsic
type of lava flow that is thick, slow moving explosive
pyroclastic
mixture of superheated rock and ash
viscosity
A measure of a fluid resistance to flow and thickness of a liquid
