Rocks and Volcanoes Flashcards
Rocks formed in the earth’s surface
Extrusive Rocks
Rocks formed in the earth’s interior and takes millions of years to be formed
Intrusive Rocks
First bases on identifying if a landmark is a mountain or volcano
Types of rocks in surrounding
Rocks that has bigger and visible minerals
Intrusive
Rocks that has fine minerals
Extrusive
Type of tectonic movement that is moving away
Divergent
Type of tectonic movement that moves towards each other
Convergent
Tectonic movement that forms mountains
Convergent
Tectonic movement that moves parallel to each other
Transform
an opening of the crust,
which allows hot magma, volcanic ash,
and gasses to escape.
Volcano
This is the mouth of the volcano which
surrounds the vent.
crater
This is formed above the volcano from the force of the volcanic explosion. The ash can drift in the sky and fall back to earth.
Volcanic ash
Another vent through which the magma and other rocks and gasses can flow out.
Secondary vent
A pool/storage of magma beneath the volcano.
Magma chamber
The primary opening of the volcano through which the magma and other rocks and gasses flow out.
Main vent
These are the hot lava that flows down the sides of the volcano.
Lava flow
These are distinctive layers within Earth’s crust.
Layers of rocks
The underground passage through which the magma flows from the chamber towards the vent.
Conduit
Natural phenomenon that happens through plate movements that allows the magma to find its way to the earth’s movement
Volcanism
Type of convergent movement that volcanism doesn’t happen
Continental-continental
Forms through its own secretion
Volcano
Kind of energy that uses the steam off of the earth’s underground
Geothermal energy
Eruptions that are explosive
Explosive erruptions
Flowing eruptions/ chill eruptions
Effusive eruptions
how sticky the magma is; ability/resistance of the magma to flow
viscosity
What does nature always trying to achieve
equilibrium
what does explosions neutralize?
Pressure
More viscosity means?
higher/stronger explosions
determinant of the type of eruption
viscosity
volcanoes that have a recent history of
eruptions; they are likely to erupt again.
active volcanoes
volcanoes that have not erupted for a very long time but may erupt at a future time.
dormant volcanoes
volcanoes that are not expected to erupt in the future.
extinct volcanoes
higher temperature=
less viscosity
lower temperature=
more viscosity
magma that is the least viscos
basaltic/mafic
magma that is has the greatest viscosity
rhyolitic/ felsic
magma that has intermediate viscosity
andesitic
volcano component that affects the viscosity interms of composition?
silica content
higher silica content=
more viscos
higher gas content=
less viscos
low gass content=
more viscos
rocks that cools quickly on the earth’s surface
extrusive rocks
magma that solidified inside the volcanoes’ interior
plutonic rocks
Volcano that is Made of pyroclastic material that as it piles up, it forms a mountain with steep slopes
cinder cones/scoria
volcanoes that are small and most erupt
for only a short time
scoria/cinder cones
one example of a cinder cone volcano her in ph
smith volcano
The most majestic of the volcanoes are
composite volcanoes, also known as
stratovolcanoes
Composite volcano
This volcano is tall, symmetrically shaped, with steep sides.
composite volcano
They are built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, and cinders
composite volcano
The ph example of a composite volcano
Mt. Mayon
This volcanic type is produced by the
accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas and exhibit the shape of a broad, slightly domed structure that resembles a warrior’s shield.
Sheild volcano
an island in hawaii that is an example of a shield volcano
mauna kea
- layers of solidified lava Flow
basalt
where magma rises.
basaltic fissures
used to monitor a volcano.
continuously measures the tilt of the
ground surface
tiltmeter
used to measure pollution from power
plant smokestacks.
correlation spectrometer
a technology that generates radio waves,
reflects them from an object, and detects
the reflected waves to determine where
the object is located in space.
radar mapping intrument
Deep within the Earth is so hot that
some rocks slowly melt and become a
thick flowing substance called
magma
melt parts of the mantle and
cause magma to rise and erupt as lava
on the ocean floor, creating volcanoes
like those on the Hawaiian Islands.
hotspots
a type of eruption that involves the outpouring of basaltic magma that
is relatively low in viscosity and in gas content.
effusive eruption
-involves magma that is more viscous and has
higher gas content.
explosive eruptions
type of eruption that is characterized by
effusions of molten basaltic lava that
flow from long, parallel fissures.
Icelandic
type of eruption that is characterized by fluid lava flows from volcano’s summit and radial fissures to form shield volcanoes, which are quite large and have gentle slopes
hawaiian
Type of eruption that involve
moderate bursts of expanding gasses
that eject clots of incandescent lava in
cyclical or nearly continuous small
eruptions
strombolian eruption
type of eruption that generally involves
moderate explosions of gas laden with
volcanic ash. This mixture forms dark,
turbulent eruption clouds that rapidly
ascend and expand in convoluted
shapes.
vulcanian
Type of eruption that is associated with
explosive outburst that generate
pyroclastic flows, dense mixtures of hot
volcanic fragments and gas and is
extremely destructive.
pelean eruptions
Type of eruption that is an intensely violent kind of volcanic eruption. In this type of eruption, gasses boiling out of gas-rich magma generate enormous and nearly continuous jetting blasts that core out the magma conduit and rip it apart
plinian
hot, broken fragments.
pyroclasts
are somewhat larger pyroclasts
that range in size from small beads to
walnuts.
lapilli
are angular fragments that were
solid when ejected.
blocks
have an aerodynamic shape
indicating they were liquid when
ejected.
bombs
consist mostly of gas bubbles (vesicles) result in a low density highly vesicular rock fragment called pumice.
bombs and lapilli
a low density highly vesicular rock
fragment
pumice
mixture of volcanic debris and water.
lahar
These are the types of lava flows that takes its name from Hawaii
Aa and pahoehoe
is describe with rough surfaces,
with jagged blocks, sharp edges, and spiny projections.
Aa
has a smooth surface
which looks like a twisted braids of ropes and are more fluid than aa flows
pahoehoe
which consist of hot gases infused with incandescent ash and larger lava fragments. Also referred to as nuée
ardentes (glowing avalanches)
pyroclastic flows
consists oof the 70% of the gas extruded during an eruption
water vapor
type of pyroclastic material that is found in the ocean
pillow rocks
roop like pyroclast
pahoehoe
block like pyroclast
Aa
rock like pyroclast
blocks
product of magma solidifying
igneous rocks
product of weather and erosion
sedimentary rocks
older than the other platonic rocks
xenolith
platonic rocks that are larger than 100 square kilometers
batholite
horizontal platonic rocks
sill
vertical platonic rocks
dyke
shape like a shield volcano platonic rock
laccolith
platonic rock that is shape like an upside-down sheild volcano
lapolith
type of magma in the composite volcanoes
andesite magma
volcano that is formed by alternate layers of ash and lava
strato volcano/composite
what type of magma is found in cinder volcanoes
basaltic
steepest volcano
cinder volcano
type of magma found in shield volcano
basaltic
Type of magma found in lava domes
rhyolitic and phylsic magma
steam plants take high-pressure hot water from deep inside the earth and convert it to steam that drives generator turbines.
flash steam plants
Geysers are the main source. As steam from the reservoir shoots out, it is used to drive a turbine, after sending the steam through a rock-catcher
dry steam plants
The geothermal water is passed through a heat exchanger where its heat is transferred to a secondary liquid, isobutene, isopentane or ammonia- water mixture present in an adjacent,
separate pipe
Binary power plant
double-liquid heat
exchanger system
binary power plant
