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Earth Science > Rocks and Volcanoes > Flashcards

Rocks and Volcanoes Flashcards

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1
Q

Rocks formed in the earth’s surface

A

Extrusive Rocks

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2
Q

Rocks formed in the earth’s interior and takes millions of years to be formed

A

Intrusive Rocks

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3
Q

First bases on identifying if a landmark is a mountain or volcano

A

Types of rocks in surrounding

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4
Q

Rocks that has bigger and visible minerals

A

Intrusive

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5
Q

Rocks that has fine minerals

A

Extrusive

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6
Q

Type of tectonic movement that is moving away

A

Divergent

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7
Q

Type of tectonic movement that moves towards each other

A

Convergent

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8
Q

Tectonic movement that forms mountains

A

Convergent

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9
Q

Tectonic movement that moves parallel to each other

A

Transform

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10
Q

an opening of the crust,
which allows hot magma, volcanic ash,
and gasses to escape.

A

Volcano

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11
Q

This is the mouth of the volcano which
surrounds the vent.

A

crater

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12
Q

This is formed above the volcano from the force of the volcanic explosion. The ash can drift in the sky and fall back to earth.

A

Volcanic ash

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13
Q

Another vent through which the magma and other rocks and gasses can flow out.

A

Secondary vent

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14
Q

A pool/storage of magma beneath the volcano.

A

Magma chamber

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15
Q

The primary opening of the volcano through which the magma and other rocks and gasses flow out.

A

Main vent

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16
Q

These are the hot lava that flows down the sides of the volcano.

A

Lava flow

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17
Q

These are distinctive layers within Earth’s crust.

A

Layers of rocks

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18
Q

The underground passage through which the magma flows from the chamber towards the vent.

A

Conduit

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19
Q

Natural phenomenon that happens through plate movements that allows the magma to find its way to the earth’s movement

A

Volcanism

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20
Q

Type of convergent movement that volcanism doesn’t happen

A

Continental-continental

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21
Q

Forms through its own secretion

A

Volcano

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22
Q

Kind of energy that uses the steam off of the earth’s underground

A

Geothermal energy

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23
Q

Eruptions that are explosive

A

Explosive erruptions

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24
Q

Flowing eruptions/ chill eruptions

A

Effusive eruptions

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25
Q

how sticky the magma is; ability/resistance of the magma to flow

A

viscosity

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26
Q

What does nature always trying to achieve

A

equilibrium

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27
Q

what does explosions neutralize?

A

Pressure

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28
Q

More viscosity means?

A

higher/stronger explosions

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29
Q

determinant of the type of eruption

A

viscosity

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30
Q

volcanoes that have a recent history of
eruptions; they are likely to erupt again.

A

active volcanoes

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31
Q

volcanoes that have not erupted for a very long time but may erupt at a future time.

A

dormant volcanoes

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32
Q

volcanoes that are not expected to erupt in the future.

A

extinct volcanoes

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33
Q

higher temperature=

A

less viscosity

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34
Q

lower temperature=

A

more viscosity

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35
Q

magma that is the least viscos

A

basaltic/mafic

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36
Q

magma that is has the greatest viscosity

A

rhyolitic/ felsic

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37
Q

magma that has intermediate viscosity

A

andesitic

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38
Q

volcano component that affects the viscosity interms of composition?

A

silica content

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39
Q

higher silica content=

A

more viscos

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40
Q

higher gas content=

A

less viscos

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41
Q

low gass content=

A

more viscos

42
Q

rocks that cools quickly on the earth’s surface

A

extrusive rocks

43
Q

magma that solidified inside the volcanoes’ interior

A

plutonic rocks

44
Q

Volcano that is Made of pyroclastic material that as it piles up, it forms a mountain with steep slopes

A

cinder cones/scoria

45
Q

volcanoes that are small and most erupt
for only a short time

A

scoria/cinder cones

46
Q

one example of a cinder cone volcano her in ph

A

smith volcano

47
Q

The most majestic of the volcanoes are
composite volcanoes, also known as
stratovolcanoes

A

Composite volcano

48
Q

This volcano is tall, symmetrically shaped, with steep sides.

A

composite volcano

49
Q

They are built of alternating layers of lava flows, volcanic ash, and cinders

A

composite volcano

50
Q

The ph example of a composite volcano

A

Mt. Mayon

51
Q

This volcanic type is produced by the
accumulation of fluid basaltic lavas and exhibit the shape of a broad, slightly domed structure that resembles a warrior’s shield.

A

Sheild volcano

52
Q

an island in hawaii that is an example of a shield volcano

A

mauna kea

53
Q
  • layers of solidified lava Flow
A

basalt

54
Q

where magma rises.

A

basaltic fissures

55
Q

used to monitor a volcano.
continuously measures the tilt of the
ground surface

A

tiltmeter

56
Q

used to measure pollution from power
plant smokestacks.

A

correlation spectrometer

57
Q

a technology that generates radio waves,
reflects them from an object, and detects
the reflected waves to determine where
the object is located in space.

A

radar mapping intrument

58
Q

Deep within the Earth is so hot that
some rocks slowly melt and become a
thick flowing substance called

A

magma

59
Q

melt parts of the mantle and
cause magma to rise and erupt as lava
on the ocean floor, creating volcanoes
like those on the Hawaiian Islands.

A

hotspots

60
Q

a type of eruption that involves the outpouring of basaltic magma that
is relatively low in viscosity and in gas content.

A

effusive eruption

61
Q

-involves magma that is more viscous and has
higher gas content.

A

explosive eruptions

62
Q

type of eruption that is characterized by
effusions of molten basaltic lava that
flow from long, parallel fissures.

A

Icelandic

63
Q

type of eruption that is characterized by fluid lava flows from volcano’s summit and radial fissures to form shield volcanoes, which are quite large and have gentle slopes

A

hawaiian

64
Q

Type of eruption that involve
moderate bursts of expanding gasses
that eject clots of incandescent lava in
cyclical or nearly continuous small
eruptions

A

strombolian eruption

65
Q

type of eruption that generally involves
moderate explosions of gas laden with
volcanic ash. This mixture forms dark,
turbulent eruption clouds that rapidly
ascend and expand in convoluted
shapes.

A

vulcanian

66
Q

Type of eruption that is associated with
explosive outburst that generate
pyroclastic flows, dense mixtures of hot
volcanic fragments and gas and is
extremely destructive.

A

pelean eruptions

67
Q

Type of eruption that is an intensely violent kind of volcanic eruption. In this type of eruption, gasses boiling out of gas-rich magma generate enormous and nearly continuous jetting blasts that core out the magma conduit and rip it apart

A

plinian

68
Q

hot, broken fragments.

A

pyroclasts

69
Q

are somewhat larger pyroclasts
that range in size from small beads to
walnuts.

A

lapilli

70
Q

are angular fragments that were
solid when ejected.

A

blocks

71
Q

have an aerodynamic shape
indicating they were liquid when
ejected.

A

bombs

72
Q

consist mostly of gas bubbles (vesicles) result in a low density highly vesicular rock fragment called pumice.

A

bombs and lapilli

73
Q

a low density highly vesicular rock
fragment

A

pumice

74
Q

mixture of volcanic debris and water.

A

lahar

75
Q

These are the types of lava flows that takes its name from Hawaii

A

Aa and pahoehoe

76
Q

is describe with rough surfaces,
with jagged blocks, sharp edges, and spiny projections.

A

Aa

77
Q

has a smooth surface
which looks like a twisted braids of ropes and are more fluid than aa flows

A

pahoehoe

78
Q

which consist of hot gases infused with incandescent ash and larger lava fragments. Also referred to as nuée
ardentes (glowing avalanches)

A

pyroclastic flows

79
Q

consists oof the 70% of the gas extruded during an eruption

A

water vapor

80
Q

type of pyroclastic material that is found in the ocean

A

pillow rocks

81
Q

roop like pyroclast

A

pahoehoe

82
Q

block like pyroclast

A

Aa

83
Q

rock like pyroclast

A

blocks

84
Q

product of magma solidifying

A

igneous rocks

85
Q

product of weather and erosion

A

sedimentary rocks

86
Q

older than the other platonic rocks

A

xenolith

87
Q

platonic rocks that are larger than 100 square kilometers

A

batholite

88
Q

horizontal platonic rocks

A

sill

89
Q

vertical platonic rocks

A

dyke

90
Q

shape like a shield volcano platonic rock

A

laccolith

91
Q

platonic rock that is shape like an upside-down sheild volcano

A

lapolith

92
Q

type of magma in the composite volcanoes

A

andesite magma

93
Q

volcano that is formed by alternate layers of ash and lava

A

strato volcano/composite

94
Q

what type of magma is found in cinder volcanoes

A

basaltic

95
Q

steepest volcano

A

cinder volcano

96
Q

type of magma found in shield volcano

A

basaltic

97
Q

Type of magma found in lava domes

A

rhyolitic and phylsic magma

98
Q

steam plants take high-pressure hot water from deep inside the earth and convert it to steam that drives generator turbines.

A

flash steam plants

99
Q

Geysers are the main source. As steam from the reservoir shoots out, it is used to drive a turbine, after sending the steam through a rock-catcher

A

dry steam plants

100
Q

The geothermal water is passed through a heat exchanger where its heat is transferred to a secondary liquid, isobutene, isopentane or ammonia- water mixture present in an adjacent,
separate pipe

A

Binary power plant

101
Q

double-liquid heat
exchanger system

A

binary power plant

Earth Science (3 decks)

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