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WORLD GEOGRAPHY > ROCKS AND SOIL > Flashcards

ROCKS AND SOIL Flashcards

1
Q

NATURE OF IGNEOUS ROCKS

A

CRYSTALLINE & NON FOSILIFEROUS

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2
Q

NAME SOME IGNEOUS ROCKS

A

Granite, gabbro, basalt, Pregmatite, Breccia

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3
Q

PLUTONIC ROCKS (MINERAL GRAIN SIZE)

A

mineral grains
formed in the rocks may be very large.

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4
Q

EXAMPLE FOR PLUTONIC ROCK (INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS)

A

GRANITE

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5
Q

LAVA/ VOLCANIC ROCK
(EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS)

A

small and smooth grains

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6
Q

EXAMPLE FOR VOLCANIC ROCK

A

BASALT

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7
Q

INTERMEDIATE ROCK (DYKE ROCKS/ HYPABYSSAL)

A

occupy an intermediate position between
the deep-seated plutonic bodies and the surface lava
flows.

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8
Q

ACIDIC IGNEOUS ROCK

A

HIGH SILICA CONTENT (GRANITE)
SIAL

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9
Q

BASIC IG ROCK

A

LOW SILICA (BASALT, GABBRO, DOLERITE)
MORE DENSER AD DARK IN COLOR
SIMA

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10
Q

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

A

LAYERS, HAVE FOSSILS, NON CRYSTALLINE

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11
Q

MECHANICALLY FORMED SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

A

sandstone, limestone,
conglomerate

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12
Q

CHEMICALLY FORMED SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

A

chert , potash , limestone

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13
Q

ORGANICALLY FORMED SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

A

lime stone , chalk, coal etc.

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14
Q

ARENACEOUS MECHANICAL ROCK

A

BIG PARTICLES, HIGHLY POROUS EG: SANDSTONE

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15
Q

AGRILLACIOUS MECHANICAL ROCK

A

FINE PARTICLES, MOSTLY IMPERMIABLE EG: SHALE, CLAY

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16
Q

Organically Formed Sedimentary Rocks

A

LIME STONE, CHALK, DOLOMITE (CALCARIOUS) COAL (CARBONACEOUS)

17
Q

METAMORPHIC ROCK

A
  • No fossils
  • Crystalline in nature
  • Seen in layers
  • Foliation and lineation processes
18
Q

DYNAMIC METAMORPHISM

A

PRESSURE CHANGES( GRANITE –>GNEISS, SHALE –>SCHIST)

19
Q

THERMAL METAMORPHISM

A
  1. Contact metamorphism (LAVA)
  2. Regional metamorphism (PRESSURE, SHEER, TEMPERATURE –>PLATE BOUNDARIES)
20
Q

LIME STONE

21
Q

SANDSTONE

22
Q

CLAY

23
Q

SLATE

24
Q

SHALE

25
Q

O HORIZON

A

dominated by organic material

26
Q

A HORIZON OR SURFACE SOIL

A

organic matter is mixed with mineral matter
MOST ORGANIC MATTER ACCUMULATION

27
Q

A HORIZON OR SURFACE SOIL

A

depleted of iron, clay, aluminum, organic
compounds, and other soluble constituents.

28
Q

E HORIZON

A

eluviated layer, present only in older, well-developed soils

29
Q

POSITION OF E HORIZON

A

between the A and B horizons

30
Q

B HORIZON OR SUBSOIL

A

ZONE OF ILLUVIATION (iron, clay, aluminum and organic compounds )

31
Q

COMPOSITION OF B HORIZON OR SUBSOIL

A

accumulates all the leached minerals from A
and E horizon.

32
Q

C HORIZON OR PARENT ROCK

A

Weathered parent material accumulates in
this layer

33
Q

R HORIZON OR BEDROCK

A

base of the soil profile. large masses of hard rock

34
Q

MOST AMOUNT OF ORGANIC AND MINERAL MIX IS FOUND IN WHICH LAYER

35
Q

subsurface layer reflecting chemical or physical
alteration of parent material

36
Q

loamy soil

A

CONTAINS BOTH LARGE AND FINE PARTICLES EQUALLY

WORLD GEOGRAPHY (7 decks)

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