ROCKS AND MINERALS Flashcards
What is a rock?
Rocks are naturally occurring, solid, and consolidated materials composed of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
They are an essential component of the Earth’s crust and come in a variety of types, shapes, sizes, and colours.
They have been cemented together, squeezed and heated together, or melted and cooled together.
Chemical properties of rocks?
Melting point
Boiling point
Composition of minerals
Solubility
Porosity
Physical properties?
Solid
Different colours
Porosity
Taste
Smell Rigid
Types of rocks
Igneous - fire
Sedimentary- minerals deposited by water
Metaphoric- change form
Igneous rocks?
Igneous rocks form from the solidification and cooling of molten lava rock material, also known as magma or lava. The parent material is magma.
Types of igneous rocks:
Intrusive
Extrusive
Properties or intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
INTRUSIVE:
Formed from magma in earths crust
Located inside of earth
Slow rate of cooling
Large size of crystals
Coarse texture
Examples are granite, gabro, diorite
EXTRUSIVE:
Formed from lava on earths surface
Located on earths surface
Rate of cooling in quick
Small crystals
Fine texture
Examples are obsidian, pumice, rhyolite
Sedimentary rocks?
Are formed through the process of sedimentation, which involves the accumulation and compaction of mineral and organic particles or sediments over time.
Include sand, silt, clay, gravel.
Can form anywhere.
Steps in the formation of sedimentary rocks?
Weathering: breaking up of rocks into smaller pieces. Done by wind, water, and rain
Erosion: movement and transportation of rock pieces.
WEATHER AND EROSION ARE BOTH DONE BY THE SAME PROCESSES SO THEY HAPPEN AT THE SAME TIME.
Deposition: pieces of rocks come to a rest on a surface, usually near river banks.
Compaction: compressing rocks together when weight builds up.
Lithification: dissolves minerals crystallize and cement together.
Types of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic:
Conglomerate: composed of pieces pebble size or larger.
Sandstone: composed of sand size pieces.
Shale: composed of pieces smaller than fine sand.
Chemical:
Limestone: a whitish or greyish rock made of the mineral calcite.
Rock salt, iron ore, chert, flint, some Dolomites, and more.
Organic:
Coal, lignite, oil shale, or black shale
Chalk
Limestone with fossils
Coquina
Metamorphic rocks:
Metamorphic rocks are formed from pre/existing rocks, either igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks, through a process called metamorphism. Metamorphism involves the alteration of existing rocks due to changes in temperature, pressure, and often the presence of chemically active fluids.
Parent rock is protolith.
Foliated and non-foliated rocks?
FOLIATED:
foliated rocks are formed by regional metamorphism. They have layers and bands. They are formed within the earths interior. This is from extremely high temperature and unequal pressure. Better identified on the basis of their structure.
Examples are slate, serpentine, Gneiss
NON-FOLIATED:
are formed by contact metamorphism. They have a coarse structure, no layers,
Examples are marble, Quartzine.
What is metamorphism:
Transformation of the rocks mineralogy and physical components.
What is a mineral?
A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite homogenous chemical composition
What are some examples of important economical materials?
Salt
Iron
Aluminum
Coal
Copper
Lead
Tin
Composition of one rock?
MARBLE:
calcite, dolomite, or serpentine.
38–42% Lime (CaO),
20–25% Silica (SiO2),
2–4% Alumina (Al2O3),
1.5–2.5% oxides (NaO and MgO),
30–32% (MgCO3 and others).
