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Y6 Geography > Rocks and Fossils > Flashcards

Rocks and Fossils Flashcards

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1
Q

What are all rocks made up of?

A

Minerals

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2
Q

What are the three different families of rocks?

A

Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic

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3
Q

Where do geodes form?

A

Inside magma

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4
Q

What do we call two types of molten rock?

A

Lava (above surface)
Magma (below surface)

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5
Q

What does water leave behind when it evaporates?

A

Minerals

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6
Q

Why do some geodes have different colour crystals?

A

Different types of minerals changes the colour

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7
Q

What causes there to be a “gap” in the molten rock?

A

When gas gets trapped in the rock it leaves pockets.

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8
Q

How many rocks can you name?

A

Granite
Obsidian
Limestone
Slate
Sandstone
Quartz
Marble
Flint
Chalk
Mudstone
Gneiss
Shale

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9
Q

What are rocks made up of?

A

A mixture of minerals and non-living creatures

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10
Q

Igneous rocks are formed in two ways, resulting in two types of igneous rock. What are they?

A

Intrusive (inside)
Extrusive (outside)

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11
Q

Draw and label a diagram showing an intrusive igneous rock formation.

A
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12
Q

Describe how intrusive igneous rocks form.

A

Inside the Earth’s Crust.
Large crystals form
Minerals have time to bond
Formed in magma.
Cools slowly
eg Granite.

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13
Q

An example of an intrusive igneous rock is…..

A

…. granite

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14
Q

Describe how extrusive igneous rocks form.

A

Outside the Earth’s Crust
Small crystals form
Minerals do not have time to bond
Formed in lava
Cools quickly.
eg. basalt

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15
Q

An example of an extrusive igneous rock is…..

A

…basalt

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16
Q

Draw and label a diagram showing an extrusive igneous rock formation.

A
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17
Q

Describe the formation of igneous rocks.
Key marks in a mark scheme

A
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18
Q

What does weathering mean?

A

Weathering erodes rocks at the surface to create smaller rocks (sediments).

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19
Q

What does transportation mean?

A

Creates sediments and rocks that are being moved by moving ice or wind.

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20
Q

What does deposition mean?

A

When rocks have stopped moving into the sea, river or desert and get deposited.

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21
Q

What does strata mean?

A

The layers that form in a sedimentary rock

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22
Q

What does lithification mean?

A

The process of turning into a sedimentary rock.

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23
Q

Create a diagram showing the formation of sedimentary rocks.

A
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24
Q

What happens during cementation?

A

The moisture squeezes out and the sediments stick together to create a sedimentary rock.

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25
Q

What is compaction?

A

It is when the bottom layers are squeezed together from the weight of the layers above and become compacted.

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26
Q

What is erosion?

A

The process of rocks being broken down.

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27
Q

Key information about intrusive rocks

A

Inside the Earth’s crust
Magma
Large crystals
Minerals have time to bond
Cooled slowly
eg. Granite

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28
Q

Key information about extrusive rocks

A

Outside the Earth’s Crust
Lava
Small crystals
Minerals don’t have time to bond
Cooled quickly
eg. Basalt

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29
Q

What does the word morph mean?

A

It’s when something changes form.

30
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

They are formed deep within the Earth where there is lots of heat from the magma below and lots of pressure from the rocks above.

31
Q

What does the “parent rock” sandstone become when heat and pressure is applied to become a metamorphic rock?

A

Quartzite

32
Q

What does the “parent rock” granite become when heat and pressure is applied to become a metamorphic rock?

A

Gneiss

33
Q

What does the “parent rock” limestone become when heat and pressure is applied to become a metamorphic rock?

A

Marble

34
Q

What does the “parent rock” shale or clay become when heat and pressure is applied to become a metamorphic rock?

A

Slate (low grade)
More pressure and heat
Phyllite
More pressure and heat
Schist
More pressure and heat
Gneiss (high grade)

35
Q

What are metamorphic rocks?

A

They are rocks that have changed due to heat and pressure.

36
Q

Examples of sedimentary rocks and uses

A

Limestone - making cement
Coal - fires
Chalk - writing
Sandstone - building material

37
Q

Examples and uses of igneous rocks

A

Pumice - bath scrub
Granite - kerb stones

38
Q

Examples of metamorphic rocks

A

Slate - roofing
Marble - making statues

39
Q

Which rock is made up of layers that have been squashed together?

A

Sedimentary

40
Q

Which rock is formed when lava or magma cools down and crystallises?

A

Igneous

41
Q

Which rock is formed under intense heatand pressure causing it to change?

A

Metamorphic

42
Q

How are igneous rocks formed?

A

Inside or outside the Earth’s Crust. They are formed by the cooling down of magma and lava.

43
Q

What has happened to metamorphic rocks to make them the way they are?

A

Heat and pressure

44
Q

Name a use for sedimentary rock

A

Creates fire or writing

45
Q

Name as use for metamorphic rocks

A

Roofs and statues

46
Q

Name a use for igneous rocks

A

Bath scrub

47
Q

Give an example of a sedimentary rock

A

Coal, sandstone, puddingstone

48
Q

Give an example of a metamorphic rock

A

Slate

49
Q

Give an example of an igneous intrusive rock

A

Granite

50
Q

Give an example of an igneous extrusive rock

A

Basalt, pumice, lava bomb, obsidian

51
Q

What are sedimentary rocks formed from?

A

Sediments that have been compacted together.

52
Q

What do we call the process of turning into a sedimentary rock?

A

Lithification

53
Q

What name do we give the layers that form in a sedimentary rock?

A

Strata

54
Q

Name two processes that cause rocks to be broken down into smaller pieces.

A

Weathering and sedimentation

55
Q

What processes change a sedimentary rock to a metamorphic?

A

Heat and pressure

56
Q

What processes change a metamorphic rock to an igneous?

A

Melting and cooling

57
Q

What processes change an igneous rock to a sedimentary?

A

Sedimentation, compaction, weathering, erosion (lithification)

58
Q

Why do we almost only find fossils in a sedimentary rock?

A

We can’t find fossils in igneous rocks as they would have melted. We find a few in metamorphic because they’ve experienced heat and pressure.

59
Q

What is a fossil?

A

Remains of prehistoric plants and animals.

60
Q

How do we know about animals that have died millions of years ago?

A

Fossils

61
Q

What can we learn from a trace fossil?

A

How the animal lived and cared for its young.

62
Q

How is a mold fossil created?

A

Mud around a dead animal hardens and creates a mold of the shape/imprint.

63
Q

How is a resin fossil created?

A

When an insect gets stuck in the sap in the tree. The sap hardens and turns into amber which preserves the body.

64
Q

Why is a body fossil rare?

A

A dinosaur needs to die near water and its skeleton cannot be scattered around.

65
Q

How is a body fossil formed?

A

An animal dies.
Some body parts decay - usually only the skeleton is left.
The skeleton is covered in sand, earth, rock, seabed before the bones can disappear.
Minerals slowly fill the space in layers - in the exact shape of the bones.
Under lots of pressure, new minerals harden into rock.
Over a very long time, the bones break down and leave space, like an empty mould.
The earth is eroded away by the weather/sea. The fossil rock is exposed and discovered.

66
Q

Which type of igneous rock forms from cooling magma?

A

Intrusive

67
Q

Which type of igneous rock forms from cooling lava?

A

Extrusive

68
Q

Which type of igneous rock has small crystals?

A

Extrusive

69
Q

Which type of igneous rock has more time for minerals to bond?

A

Intrusive

70
Q

Draw and label the rock cycle

A
71
Q

What is the name of the process given to the constant creation and recycling of rocks on the Earth?

A

The Rock Cycle

Y6 Geography (3 decks)

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