Rocks and Fossils

Question 1

How long ago did the earths surface start forming?

Answer 1

over 4 billion years ago

Question 2

Does the earths surface change?

Answer 2

Yes, it is always changing and will continue to change

Question 3

How do we learn about recent changes to the earths surface?

Answer 3

We can study photos, rock art and maps

Question 4

How do we learn about changes to the earth before humans

Answer 4

we study rocks

Question 5

Who study rocks?

Answer 5

Geologists

Question 6

Why do we study rocks?

Answer 6

Each rock is a clue as to how the earth has changed

Question 7

What are rocks?

Answer 7

They are the natural building blocks that make up the surface of the earth

Question 8

How old are rocks?

Answer 8

Some are a few thousand years old, others are over 4 billion years old (as old as the earth)

Question 9

What do rocks feel like?

Answer 9

Some are hard and heavy like slate and some are soft and pliable like clay

Question 10

Where are rocks?

Answer 10

They are all around us. Every valley, mountain and ocean floor is made of rocks

Question 11

What do we do with rocks?

Answer 11

1. We admire them
2. We use them for monuments
3. We build with them
4. We play on them

Question 12

What are the 2 types of rocks

Answer 12

1. Natural rocks
2. Human made rocks

Question 13

What are the 2 types of rocks

Answer 13

1. Natural rocks
2. Human made rocks

Question 14

What are the 3 types of human made rocks

Answer 14

1. Bricks
2. Concrete
3. Coadestone

Question 15

What are the 3 types of natural rocks

Answer 15

1. Igneous
2. Sedimentary
3. Metamorphic

Question 16

What are 3 examples of igneous rocks?

Answer 16

1. Obsidian
2. Granite
3. Basalt

Question 17

What are 3 examples of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 17

1. chalk
2. sandstone
3. limestone

Question 18

What are 3 examples of metamorphic rock

Answer 18

1. Marble
2. Quartzite
3. Slate

Question 19

What is molten rock

Answer 19

Rock that has melted in the mantle.
It melts as the mantle is VERY HOT

Question 20

What are the 2 types of Igneous rock

Answer 20

1. Intrusive Igneous rocks
2. Extrusive igneous rocks

Question 21

What are intrusive igneous rocks?

Answer 21

1. Molten rock is in the mantle
2. As the molten rock rises and cools down BUT stays underground is called Magma.
3. When magma cools and hardens it becomes a type of INTRUSIVE igneous rock

Question 22

What are extrusive Igneous rocks?

Answer 22

Molten rock that comes our of the ground is LAVA.
When lava cools and hardens it becomes a type of EXTRUSIVE igneous rock

Question 23

What are the 3 steps to form sedimentary rocks ?

Answer 23

1. Sedimentation
2. compaction
3. cementation

Question 24

Where do sedimentary rocks form?

Answer 24

They form under the sea

Question 25

What is sedimentation?

Answer 25

As a result of weathering, erosion and deposition rocks move to the bottom of the sea

Question 26

What is compaction?

Answer 26

With time more layers (strata) pile up and press down on the low layers of rock

Question 27

What is cementation?

Answer 27

1. Water is pushed out of the layers of rock 2. salt compounds glue the bits of rock 3. so they form a solid layer

Question 28

What are metamorphic rocks?

Answer 28

Metamorphic rocks start as igneous or sedimentary rocks but they go through a change (METAMORPHOSIS)

Question 29

How can metamorphic rock form (3)?

Answer 29

1. HEAT such as magma 2. Earth movements 3. Collision of tectonic plates

Question 30

What is the process of metamorphosis?

Answer 30

Rocks are heated and put under immense pressure which causes the minerals they contain to be changed CHEMICALLY

Question 31

What is the process of metamorphosis?

Answer 31

Rocks are heated and put under immense pressure which causes the minerals they contain to be changed CHEMICALLY

Question 32

What are the 3 human made rocks

Answer 32

1. Brick 2. Concrete 3. Mock rock

Question 33

What is the scientific name for human made rocks?

Answer 33

Anthropic rocks are made, modified or moved by humans

Question 34

Who invented concrete?

Answer 34

Romans

Question 35

What is in concrete made of?

Answer 35

1. water 2. cement (mixture of chalk and clay) 3. Aggregte (mix of sand, rock or gravel)

Question 36

Where were the 1st bricks from?

Answer 36

Tell Aswad (Syria)

Question 37

What are bricks made of?

Answer 37

1. clay and soil 2. sand 3. lime or concrete materials

Question 38

How can the bricks be hardened?

Answer 38

1. air-dried 2. fire

Question 39

Who created mock rock?

Answer 39

Victorians created rock gardens with mock rocks (not real rocks)

Question 40

What is a type of mock rock?

Answer 40

1.Pullhamite (looks like gritty sandstone) 2. Coadestone

Question 41

Who invented Pullhamite?

Answer 41

James Pulham (didnt share his recipe)

Question 42

What is coadestone made of?

Answer 42

1. Grog 2. flint 3. quartz 4. soda lime glass 5. clay