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Science T1 S1 2023 > Rocks and Fossils > Flashcards

Rocks and Fossils Flashcards

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1
Q

How long ago did the earths surface start forming?

A

over 4 billion years ago

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2
Q

Does the earths surface change?

A

Yes, it is always changing and will continue to change

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3
Q

How do we learn about recent changes to the earths surface?

A

We can study photos, rock art and maps

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4
Q

How do we learn about changes to the earth before humans

A

we study rocks

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5
Q

Who study rocks?

A

Geologists

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6
Q

Why do we study rocks?

A

Each rock is a clue as to how the earth has changed

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7
Q

What are rocks?

A

They are the natural building blocks that make up the surface of the earth

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8
Q

How old are rocks?

A

Some are a few thousand years old, others are over 4 billion years old (as old as the earth)

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9
Q

What do rocks feel like?

A

Some are hard and heavy like slate and some are soft and pliable like clay

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10
Q

Where are rocks?

A

They are all around us. Every valley, mountain and ocean floor is made of rocks

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11
Q

What do we do with rocks?

A
  1. We admire them
  2. We use them for monuments
  3. We build with them
  4. We play on them
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12
Q

What are the 2 types of rocks

A
  1. Natural rocks
  2. Human made rocks
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13
Q

What are the 2 types of rocks

A
  1. Natural rocks
  2. Human made rocks
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14
Q

What are the 3 types of human made rocks

A
  1. Bricks
  2. Concrete
  3. Coadestone
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15
Q

What are the 3 types of natural rocks

A
  1. Igneous
  2. Sedimentary
  3. Metamorphic
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16
Q

What are 3 examples of igneous rocks?

A
  1. Obsidian
  2. Granite
  3. Basalt
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17
Q

What are 3 examples of sedimentary rocks?

A
  1. chalk
  2. sandstone
  3. limestone
18
Q

What are 3 examples of metamorphic rock

A
  1. Marble
  2. Quartzite
  3. Slate
19
Q

What is molten rock

A

Rock that has melted in the mantle.
It melts as the mantle is VERY HOT

20
Q

What are the 2 types of Igneous rock

A
  1. Intrusive Igneous rocks
  2. Extrusive igneous rocks
21
Q

What are intrusive igneous rocks?

A
  1. Molten rock is in the mantle
  2. As the molten rock rises and cools down BUT stays underground is called Magma.
  3. When magma cools and hardens it becomes a type of INTRUSIVE igneous rock
22
Q

What are extrusive Igneous rocks?

A

Molten rock that comes our of the ground is LAVA.
When lava cools and hardens it becomes a type of EXTRUSIVE igneous rock

23
Q

What are the 3 steps to form sedimentary rocks ?

A
  1. Sedimentation
  2. compaction
  3. cementation
24
Q

Where do sedimentary rocks form?

A

They form under the sea

25
Q

What is sedimentation?

A

As a result of weathering, erosion and deposition rocks move to the bottom of the sea

26
Q

What is compaction?

A

With time more layers (strata) pile up and press down on the low layers of rock

27
Q

What is cementation?

A
  1. Water is pushed out of the layers of rock
  2. salt compounds glue the bits of rock
  3. so they form a solid layer
28
Q

What are metamorphic rocks?

A

Metamorphic rocks start as igneous or sedimentary rocks but they go through a change (METAMORPHOSIS)

29
Q

How can metamorphic rock form (3)?

A
  1. HEAT such as magma
  2. Earth movements
  3. Collision of tectonic plates
30
Q

What is the process of metamorphosis?

A

Rocks are heated and put under immense pressure which causes the minerals they contain to be changed CHEMICALLY

31
Q

What is the process of metamorphosis?

A

Rocks are heated and put under immense pressure which causes the minerals they contain to be changed CHEMICALLY

32
Q

What are the 3 human made rocks

A
  1. Brick
  2. Concrete
  3. Mock rock
33
Q

What is the scientific name for human made rocks?

A

Anthropic rocks are made, modified or moved by humans

34
Q

Who invented concrete?

A

Romans

35
Q

What is in concrete made of?

A
  1. water
  2. cement (mixture of chalk and clay)
  3. Aggregte (mix of sand, rock or gravel)
36
Q

Where were the 1st bricks from?

A

Tell Aswad (Syria)

37
Q

What are bricks made of?

A
  1. clay and soil
  2. sand
  3. lime or concrete materials
38
Q

How can the bricks be hardened?

A
  1. air-dried
  2. fire
39
Q

Who created mock rock?

A

Victorians created rock gardens with mock rocks (not real rocks)

40
Q

What is a type of mock rock?

A

1.Pullhamite (looks like gritty sandstone)
2. Coadestone

41
Q

Who invented Pullhamite?

A

James Pulham (didnt share his recipe)

42
Q

What is coadestone made of?

A
  1. Grog
  2. flint
  3. quartz
  4. soda lime glass
  5. clay

Science T1 S1 2023 (5 decks)

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