rocks and cliffs and crap Flashcards
igneous rocks are formed by….
volcanic activity when magma or lava cools
metamorphic rocks are formed by…
other rocks changing due to extreme heat or pressure
sedimentary rocks are formed by….
small particles, that have been eroded, transported and deposited in layers
what are the characteristics or igneous rock?
- hard
- made of crystals
what are the characteristics of metamorphic rocks?
- formed in layers or bands of crystals
- very hard
what are the characteristics of sedimentary rocks?
- made up of eroded rocks and dead plants/animals
what does porous mean?
porous rocks are often soft and crumbly as water can easily get between the grains of the rock as the grains are round
what does non-porous mean?
non-porous rocks are hard as the grains in the rock are tightly packed together so water cannot get in
examples of igneous rocks are…
- granite and basalt
examples of sedimentary rocks are…
- limestone and chalk
examples of metamorphic rocks are…
- shale that is compressed into slate
where might you find sedimentary rocks?
- the white cliffs of dover
- mudstone cliffs on the east coast
where might you find igneous rocks?
- the giant’s causeway in northern ireland
- dartmoor national park
where might you find metamorphic rocks?
- scottish highlands
describe the lowland areas;
- formed of sedimentary rocks (sandstone and clay)
- aren’t high above sea level as sedimentary is easy to erode
- mild temperatures and less rainfall
describe upland areas;
- formed of igneous and metamorphic rocks
- made of harder rocks ↑ as it’s harder to erode away
- lower temperatures and high rainfall
what is the name of the line separating upland and lowland areas?
- the tees-exe line
what is a tor?
a tor is a block of granite found at the top of a hill
what is a scarp slope?
a steep slope that cuts through the layers of rock underneath
what is a clitter?
a clitter is a trail of deposited ricks from the action of freeze-thaw weathering
what is freeze-thaw weathering;
- freeze-thaw weathering involves the action of water as it freezes and thaws in a crack or hole in a rock
describe the process of freeze-thaw weathering;
rain water collects in cracks in a rock during the day. then at night, it freezes, and slightly expands. this is repeated over a long period of time, until eventually, the the crack grows so big that a fragment of rock breaks off and collects as scree at the rockface
how can past tectonic processes affect the UK landscape?
- tectonic plates move, and kava rises up between them, creating volcanic activity and so igneous rocks form. they are harder to be eroded so will form upland areas
describe the location of South Downs National Park;
- south downs national park lies on the south coast of england, stretching over 120 km from eastbourne to winchester, and covering petersfield, midhurst and lewes.
name the advantages and disadvantages of forestry affecting the south downs national park;
advantages;
- a large percentage of the protected woodland are ancient trees, providing habitats for a diverse range of species
- timber harvesting creates jobs and money
disadvantages;
- can create a monoculture
- planting non-native trees so it’s natural
name the advantages and disadvantages of agriculture affecting the south downs national park;
advantages;
- 85% of the south downs is farmed, and so generates 6% of jobs for people there
- arable farming contributes to supporting rare bird species such as Skylarks and Stone Curlews
disadvantages;
- cut down trees for space for farming making it unnatural
- noise from farming upsets local wildlife
name the advantages and disadvantages of settlements affecting the south downs national park;
advantages;
- settlements are all small and blend in with the natural environment so doesn’t upset or disrupt wildlife
disadvantages;
- attracts migration so new developments are needed, meaning land is destroyed and it creates a sense of placelessness
plan for the eight-marker;
intro - define a national park, locate the south downs national park, examples of human activities
paragraph one - 6% of employment, explain, noises from farming, explain, mini conclusion
paragraph two - large percentage for diverse range, explain, unnatural environments, explain, mini conclusion
paragraph three - examples of towns and that they blend in, explain, new developments, explain, mini conclusion
