rocks and cliffs and crap

Question 1

igneous rocks are formed by….

Answer 1

volcanic activity when magma or lava cools

Question 2

metamorphic rocks are formed by…

Answer 2

other rocks changing due to extreme heat or pressure

Question 3

sedimentary rocks are formed by….

Answer 3

small particles, that have been eroded, transported and deposited in layers

Question 4

what are the characteristics or igneous rock?

Answer 4

• hard

- made of crystals

Question 5

what are the characteristics of metamorphic rocks?

Answer 5

• formed in layers or bands of crystals

- very hard

Question 6

what are the characteristics of sedimentary rocks?

Answer 6

• made up of eroded rocks and dead plants/animals

Question 7

what does porous mean?

Answer 7

porous rocks are often soft and crumbly as water can easily get between the grains of the rock as the grains are round

Question 8

what does non-porous mean?

Answer 8

non-porous rocks are hard as the grains in the rock are tightly packed together so water cannot get in

Question 9

examples of igneous rocks are…

Answer 9

• granite and basalt

Question 10

examples of sedimentary rocks are…

Answer 10

• limestone and chalk

Question 11

examples of metamorphic rocks are…

Answer 11

• shale that is compressed into slate

Question 12

where might you find sedimentary rocks?

Answer 12

• the white cliffs of dover

- mudstone cliffs on the east coast

Question 13

where might you find igneous rocks?

Answer 13

• the giant’s causeway in northern ireland

- dartmoor national park

Question 14

where might you find metamorphic rocks?

Answer 14

• scottish highlands

Question 15

describe the lowland areas;

Answer 15

• formed of sedimentary rocks (sandstone and clay)
• aren’t high above sea level as sedimentary is easy to erode
• mild temperatures and less rainfall

Question 16

describe upland areas;

Answer 16

• formed of igneous and metamorphic rocks
• made of harder rocks ↑ as it’s harder to erode away
• lower temperatures and high rainfall

Question 17

what is the name of the line separating upland and lowland areas?

Answer 17

• the tees-exe line

Question 18

what is a tor?

Answer 18

a tor is a block of granite found at the top of a hill

Question 19

what is a scarp slope?

Answer 19

a steep slope that cuts through the layers of rock underneath

Question 20

what is a clitter?

Answer 20

a clitter is a trail of deposited ricks from the action of freeze-thaw weathering

Question 21

what is freeze-thaw weathering;

Answer 21

• freeze-thaw weathering involves the action of water as it freezes and thaws in a crack or hole in a rock

Question 22

describe the process of freeze-thaw weathering;

Answer 22

rain water collects in cracks in a rock during the day. then at night, it freezes, and slightly expands. this is repeated over a long period of time, until eventually, the the crack grows so big that a fragment of rock breaks off and collects as scree at the rockface

Question 23

how can past tectonic processes affect the UK landscape?

Answer 23

• tectonic plates move, and kava rises up between them, creating volcanic activity and so igneous rocks form. they are harder to be eroded so will form upland areas

Question 24

describe the location of South Downs National Park;

Answer 24

• south downs national park lies on the south coast of england, stretching over 120 km from eastbourne to winchester, and covering petersfield, midhurst and lewes.

Question 25

name the advantages and disadvantages of forestry affecting the south downs national park;

Answer 25

advantages;
- a large percentage of the protected woodland are ancient trees, providing habitats for a diverse range of species
- timber harvesting creates jobs and money
disadvantages;
- can create a monoculture
- planting non-native trees so it’s natural

Question 26

name the advantages and disadvantages of agriculture affecting the south downs national park;

Answer 26

advantages;
- 85% of the south downs is farmed, and so generates 6% of jobs for people there
- arable farming contributes to supporting rare bird species such as Skylarks and Stone Curlews
disadvantages;
- cut down trees for space for farming making it unnatural
- noise from farming upsets local wildlife

Question 27

name the advantages and disadvantages of settlements affecting the south downs national park;

Answer 27

advantages;
- settlements are all small and blend in with the natural environment so doesn’t upset or disrupt wildlife
disadvantages;
- attracts migration so new developments are needed, meaning land is destroyed and it creates a sense of placelessness

Question 28

plan for the eight-marker;

Answer 28

intro - define a national park, locate the south downs national park, examples of human activities
paragraph one - 6% of employment, explain, noises from farming, explain, mini conclusion
paragraph two - large percentage for diverse range, explain, unnatural environments, explain, mini conclusion
paragraph three - examples of towns and that they blend in, explain, new developments, explain, mini conclusion