Changing Cities Flashcards
Migration
The process of people changing their place of residence, either within or between countries
Natural increase
The difference between the birth rate and death rate of a place
Megacities
A very large city with a population of over ten million people.
Shanty towns
An area of very poor housing, often self-built by residents out of basic materials - also known as slums
Counter urbanisation
The movement of people from major cities to smaller settlements and rural areas
Re-urbanisation
The movement of people back towards city centres away from rural areas
What was the main push factor during the industrial revolution?
Machines were being created that took the jobs from agriculture and farming, so farmers in rural areas were no longer needed
What was the main pull factor during the industrial revolution?
The first factories were made, so many people migrated to get better jobs
Push factor
Something negative about where you live
Pull factor
Something good/positive about urban areas
Give examples of push factors
Lack of job opportunities Few services (hospitals) Natural disasters War Food shortage
Give some examples of pull factors
Better job opportunities Entertainment Improved living conditions Family links Better education
Why is there rapid growth in megacities in developing or emerging countries
Because of natural increase and high levels of migration due to push and pull factors
(Remember to explain what these are)
What were the only two megacities in 1950?
New York and Tokyo
Which continent has the highest amount of megacities
Asia has over half
By 2030 what percentage of people will live in megacities?
9%
How many megacities are there now?
41
Quaternary industries
An industry which provides intellectual services such as information gathering and processing, universities and research and development
Tertiary industries
An industry which provides a service, such as banks, shops, schools,.hospitals and restaurants
Conurbation
An area in which a number of existing urban areas have grown and merged into a single large urban area - for example, London
Population density
The number of people per square kilometer
Name some physical factors that affect population densities in North and West British Isles
Land is higher (mountainous) Slopes are steeper (hard to build) Soils are thin (infertile) Farming is difficult Climate is cold and wet
Name some physical factors that affect population densities in South and East of the British Isles
Land is flatter (easy to build) Slopes are gentle Soils are rich (good for crops) Farming is good Climate is sunny and dry
Name some political factors that mean that London has grown rapidly
It is the centre of government and decision-making for the UK
Centre for road, rail and air communications
Centre of banking, culture and creative industries
Name some political factors that mean that London has grown rapidly
It is the centre of government and decision-making for the UK
Centre for road, rail and air communications
Centre of banking, culture and creative industries
Name some historical factors that have led to the growth of North and West towns/cities
In the 19th century, machines were created and needed coal. Coal was found in the North and West, so factories were built where the coal was to save transporting it to cities. Thus, thousands flocked to the factories for work, making them into cities.
Why are industry cities decreasing in size now?
Counter urbanisation is happening. Because we don’t use coal anymore, the factories don’t need as many workers and so people are leaving to go to where jobs are like London.
Name pull factors for London that are economic
Work for creative industries
Jobs - famous museums, banking
River trade connections
Transportation is easier
Name some pull factors for London that are social
Shopping centres
Landmarks
Entertainment - O2 concerts
