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Geography Test > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

What is geology?

A

Geology is the science and study of the Earth, it’s composition and structure, it’s history and the processes that currently shape it.

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2
Q

What are sedimentary rocks?

A

Sedimentary rocks are rocks that have formed through the accumulation and solidification of sediment.

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3
Q

What can you find in sedimentary rocks?

A

Fossils

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4
Q

How are sedimentary rocks laid down?

A

In layers.

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5
Q

What is sedimentation?

A

Sedimentation is the process of sediment building up in layers at the bottom of lakes/ rivers/ oceans.

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6
Q

What is compaction?

A

Compaction is when the weight of the sediments on top

squash the sediments at the bottom.

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7
Q

What is sediment?

A

Sediment is organic or mineral matter deposited by water, air or ice.

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8
Q

What is cementation?

A

Cementation is when water is squeezed out from between the rock and crystals of different salts form. These crystals form a glue that cements pieces of rock together.

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9
Q

How does sedimentary rock form?

A 
Sediment deposited 
↓
Sedimentation
↓
Compaction
↓
Cementation

These processes eventually make sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rock may take millions of years to form.

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10
Q

What does igneous mean?

A

Fiery

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11
Q

What is magma?

A

Molten rock formed when rocks melt.

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12
Q

What % of the Earth’s crust does igneous rock make up?

A

95%

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13
Q

How does igneous rock form?

A

When magma cools and solidifies.

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14
Q

What happens if magma cools quickly and what is formed?

A

If the magma cools quickly, small crystals form in the rock. They are called extrusive igneous rocks.

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15
Q

Why might extrusive igneous

rock form?

A

If it erupts from a volcano.

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16
Q

What are some examples of extrusive igneous rocks?

A

Obsidian, scoria and basalt

17
Q

What happens if the magma cools slowly and what is formed?

A

If the magma cools slowly, large crystals form in the rock. They are called intrusive igneous rocks.

18
Q

Why might intrusive igneous rock form?

A

If it cools deep underground.

19
Q

What are some examples of intrusive igneous rocks?

A

Granite, diorite and gabbro

20
Q

What are metamorphic rocks?

A

Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have formed from other rocks, whose structure has been changed by intense heat or pressure.

21
Q

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

A

Earth’s movements can cause rocks to be deeply buried or squeezed
↓
As a result, the rocks are heated and put under great pressure
↓
The rocks do not melt, but the minerals they contain are changed chemically forming metamorphic rock.

22
Q

What 2 things are required for a rock to change form?

A

Extreme heat and pressure

23
Q

What are 5 examples of sedimentary rock?

A 
Limestone
Sandstone 
Shale
Coal 
Flint
24
Q

What are some examples of metamorphic rocks?

A 
Marble
Slate
Quartzite
Phyllite
Schist

Geography Test (4 decks)

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