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Science 8 2020 > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

mineral ores

A

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

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2
Q

mining

A

extraction of natural resources from the Earth

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3
Q

igneous rocks

A

rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption

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4
Q

extrusive rocks

A

igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

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5
Q

pumice

A

a pale rock that forms when frothy lava cools in the air. Pumice often floats on water as it is very light and full of holes that once contained gas.

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6
Q

scoria

A

a dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly

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7
Q

abrasive

A

a property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

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8
Q

basalt

A

a dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava. It sometimes has holes that once contained volcanic gases.

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9
Q

obsidian

A

a black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces

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10
Q

intrusive rocks

A

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

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11
Q

batholiths

A

intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

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12
Q

granite

A

a hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see. It forms slowly below the Earth’s surface.

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13
Q

sedimentary rocks

A

rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure.

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14
Q

erosion

A

the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

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15
Q

floodplains

A

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

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16
Q

moraines

A

deposit left by movement of a glacier

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17
Q

sandstone

A

a sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts.

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18
Q

mudstone

A

a fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

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19
Q

shale

A

a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

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20
Q

siltstone

A

a sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

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21
Q

conglomerate

A

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

22
Q

limestone

A

a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms. It consists mainly of calcium carbonate.

23
Q

coal

A

a sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

24
Q

rock salt

A

a sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride.

25
Q

metamorphism

A

the process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat (or both)

26
Q

metamorphic rocks

A

ock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure (or both)

27
Q

marble

A

a metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

28
Q

gneiss

A

a coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

29
Q

mineral ores

A

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

30
Q

environmental impact statement

A

study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

31
Q

rehabilitated

A

restored to its previous condition

32
Q

alloy

A

a mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

33
Q

Stone Age

A

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

34
Q

flint

A

a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

35
Q

percussion flaking

A

a process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools

36
Q

folding

A

the buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

37
Q

relative age

A

the age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

38
Q

scavengers

A

animals that eat dead plant and animal material

39
Q

ectothermic

A

describes an animal whose body temperature is determined by its environment

40
Q

minerals

A

any of the inorganic elements that are essential to the functioning of the human body and are obtained from foods

41
Q

lithosphere

A

the outermost layer of the Earth, includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle

42
Q

magma

A

a very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle

43
Q

sediments

A

material broken down by weathering and erosion that is moved by wind or water and collects in layers

44
Q

native elements

A

elements found uncombined in the Earth’s crust

45
Q

crystals

A

geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes. The elements that make up a crystal and the conditions present during the crystal’s growth determine the arrangement of atoms and molecules and the shape of the crystals.

46
Q

lustre

A

appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light. A mineral can appear glassy, waxy, metallic, dull, pearly, silky or brilliant

47
Q

streak

A

colour of a mineral as a fine powder, found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile

48
Q

hardness

A

a measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material. The hardness rating of a mineral is determined by comparison with ten standard minerals. Diamond has a hardness rating of 10 and can scratch other minerals with a lower hardness rating.

49
Q

pumice

A

a pale rock that forms when frothy lava cools in the air. Pumice often floats on water as it is very light and full of holes that once contained gas.

50
Q

abrasive

A

a property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

51
Q

basalt

A

a dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava. It sometimes has holes that once contained volcanic gases.

Science 8 2020 (3 decks)

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