Cells

Question 1

an instrument for viewing small objects

Answer 1

microscope

Question 2

the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.

Answer 2

cells

Question 3

central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons. Also roundish structure inside a cell that acts as the control centre for the cell. Plural = nuclei.

Answer 3

nucleus

Question 4

tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes contain the DNA that carries genetic information.

Answer 4

chromosomes

Question 5

the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

Answer 5

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 6

cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

Answer 6

mitosis

Question 7

identical copy

Answer 7

clones

Question 8

the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

Answer 8

cytokinesis

Question 9

disease that can be transferred from one organism to another

Answer 9

infectious diseases

Question 10

disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another

Answer 10

non-infectious diseases

Question 11

chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects

Answer 11

antibiotics

Question 12

mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes

Answer 12

antiseptics

Question 13

describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria

Answer 13

bactericidal

Question 14

describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn’t kill them

Answer 14

bacteriostatic

Question 15

type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

Answer 15

phloem

Question 16

transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

Answer 16

translocation

Question 17

pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.

Answer 17

xylem vessels

Question 18

a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems. Lignin forms up to 30 per cent of the wood of trees.

Answer 18

lignin

Question 19

small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma.

Answer 19

stomata

Question 20

movement of water through a plant as a result of the loss of water from the leaves

Answer 20

transpiration stream

Question 21

groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

Answer 21

vascular bundles

Question 22

loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata

Answer 22

transpiration

Question 23

cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

Answer 23

guard cells