Rocks

Question 1

a solid, naturally occurring inorganic substance.

Answer 1

mineral

Question 2

the rigid outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

Answer 2

lithosphere

Question 3

hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth’s crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed on cooling.

Answer 3

magma

Question 4

the matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid; dregs.

Answer 4

sediments

Question 5

chemical elements that occur in nature in an uncombined or pure form

Answer 5

native elements

Question 6

a piece of a homogeneous solid substance having a natural geometrically regular form with symmetrically arranged plane faces.

Answer 6

crystals

Question 7

a gentle sheen or soft glow

Answer 7

lustre

Question 8

a long, thin line or mark of a different substance or colour from its surroundings.

Answer 8

streak

Question 9

the quality or condition of being hard.

Answer 9

hardness

Question 10

rocks formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials

Answer 10

igneous rocks

Question 11

the mode of igneous volcanic rock formation in which hot magma from inside the Earth flows out onto the surface as lava or explodes violently into the atmosphere to fall back as pyroclastics or tuff.

Answer 11

extrusive rocks

Question 12

a very light and porous volcanic rock formed when a gas-rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly.

Answer 12

pumice

Question 13

basaltic lava ejected as fragments from a volcano, typically with a frothy texture.

Answer 13

scoria

Question 14

(of a substance or material) capable of polishing or cleaning a hard surface by rubbing or grinding.

Answer 14

abrasive

Question 15

the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

Answer 15

erosion

Question 16

denoting rocks composed of broken pieces of older rocks.

Answer 16

clastic

Question 17

a sedimentary rock composed primarily of material formed directly by precipitation from solution or colloidal suspension.

Answer 17

chemical

Question 18

relating to or derived from living matter.

Answer 18

organic

Question 19

the remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form.

Answer 19

fossils

Question 20

It most commonly forms as an extrusive rock, such as a lava flow, but can also form in small intrusive bodies

Answer 20

basalt

Question 21

it is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. it is produced when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimal crystal growth.

Answer 21

obsidian

Question 22

rocks that are formed inside of the crust

Answer 22

intrusive rocks

Question 23

Large bodies of intrusive rock are

called

Answer 23

batholiths

Question 24

is a common type of felsic intrusive igneous rock that is granular and phaneritic in texture

Answer 24

granite

Question 25

an area of land adjacent to a stream or river which stretches from the banks of its channel to the base of the enclosing valley walls, and which experiences flooding during periods of high discharge

Answer 25

floodplains

Question 26

a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight

Answer 26

glaciers

Question 27

any glacially formed accumulation of unconsolidated glacial debris that occurs in both currently and formerly glaciated regions on Earth

Answer 27

moraines

Question 28

a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments

Answer 28

sandstone

Question 29

a fine-grained sedimentary rock whose original constituents were clays or muds. Grain size is up to 0.063 millimetres with individual grains too small to be distinguished without a microscope

Answer 29

mudstone

Question 30

a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock, composed of mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals and tiny fragments of other minerals

Answer 30

shale

Question 31

Siltstone is a sedimentary rock which has a grain size in the silt range, finer than sandstone and coarser than claystone.

Answer 31

siltstone

Question 32

a coarse-grained sedimentary rock composed of rounded fragments embedded in a matrix of cementing material such as silica.

Answer 32

conglomerate

Question 33

Limestone is a carbonate sedimentary rock that is often composed of the skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, foraminifera, and molluscs

Answer 33

limestone

Question 34

Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.

Answer 34

coal

Question 35

Halite, commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral form of sodium chloride

Answer 35

rock salt

Question 36

An ore is a natural occurrence of rock or sediment which contains enough minerals with economically important elements

Answer 36

mineral ores

Question 37

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the Earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner

Answer 37

mining

Question 38

An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is a document prepared to describe the effects of proposed activities on the environment

Answer 38

environmental impact statement

Question 39

restore (someone) to health or normal life by training and therapy after imprisonment, addiction, or illness.

Answer 39

rehabilitated

Question 40

rock or soil overlying a mineral deposit, archaeological site, or other underground feature.

Answer 40

overburden

Question 41

Open-pit, open-cast or open cut mining is a surface mining technique of extracting rock or minerals from the earth by their removal from an open pit or borrow

Answer 41

open-cut mining