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Year 8 Science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

microscope

A

an instrument for viewing small objects

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2
Q

cells

A

the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.

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3
Q

light microscopes

A

instrument for viewing very small objects. A light microscope can magnify things up to 1500 times.

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4
Q

electron microscopes

A

instrument for viewing very small objects. An electron microscope is much more powerful than a light microscope and can magnify things up to a million times.

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5
Q

monocular

A

describes a microscope through which the specimen is seen using one eye only

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6
Q

binocular

A

a microscope with two eyepieces, so you use both eyes to look at the object

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7
Q

magnification

A

the number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system. For example, a magnification of two means the object has been enlarged to twice its actual size.

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8
Q

unicellular

A

describes an organism having only one cell

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9
Q

multicellular

A

having many cells. Most plants and animals are multicellular.

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10
Q

micrometre

A

a length of one-millionth of a metre

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11
Q

nanometre

A

a unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a metre

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12
Q

nanotechnology

A

a rapidly developing field that includes studying and investigating cells and other objects of the smallest dimensions

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13
Q

Prokaryotes

A

organism classified as belonging to the Prokaryotae kingdom

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14
Q

eukaryote

A

member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells

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15
Q

cell membrane

A

structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

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16
Q

cytosol

A

the fluid found inside cells

17
Q

ribosomes

A

small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

18
Q

cytoplasm

A

the jelly-like material inside a cell. It contains many organelles such as the nucleus and vacuoles.

19
Q

metabolism

A

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

20
Q

binary fission

A

reproduction by the division of an organism (usually a single cell) into two new organisms

21
Q

Animalia

A

the kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus, but no cell wall, large vacuole or chloroplasts

22
Q

plantae

A

the kingdom of organisms that have cells with a membrane around the nucleus, cell wall, large vacuole and chloroplasts, commonly called plants

23
Q

fungi

A

the kingdom of organisms, such as mushrooms and moulds, that help to decompose dead or decaying matter

24
Q

Protoctista

A

the kingdom of organisms, including algae and protozoans, that do not fit into other groups

25
Q

Prokaryotae

A

the kingdom of organisms that consist of single cells with a nucleus not surrounded by a membrane or a cell wall, commonly called bacteria

26
Q

mitochondria

A

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell. They are usually too small to be seen with light microscopes. Singular = mitochondrion.

27
Q

chloroplasts

A

oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells. Chloroplasts contain the pigment chlorophyll. They are the ‘factories’ in which carbon dioxide and water are changed by sunlight and water into food by the process of photosynthesis.

28
Q

cellular respiration

A

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP. The body is able to use the energy contained in ATP.

29
Q

photosynthesis

A

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells. The process uses carbon dioxide, water and energy from the sun.

30
Q

chlorophyll

A

the green-coloured chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water

Year 8 Science (5 decks)

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