Rocks Flashcards
what are usually found inside of rocks
minerals
the outermost layer of the Earth, includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle
litosphere
A very hot mixture of molten rock and gas, just bellow the earths surfaces
magma
Broken down material usually causes by weathering and erosion
sediments
elements found in the earths crust which are
uncombined
Native elements
geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules
crystals
appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects
light.
lustre
colour of a mineral as a fine powder, found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile
steak
a measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material. The hardness rating of a mineral is determined by comparison with ten standard minerals. Diamond has a hardness rating of 10
Hardness
what is used to break down rocks over time usually with the help of liquid and movement
Erosion
When sedimentary rocks mix with solutions used to make chemical rocks
chemical
things found in nature used to create rocks ie coal
organic
rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption
igneous
igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface
extrusive
lava which has solidified in the air without touching the round
Pumice rocks
Lava which has landed then solidified on the ground made from the same material as Pumice rocks
Basalt rocks
intrusive rocks solidified in the ground
obsidian
very hard used to make benchtops, igneous rock, brakes in nice flat pieces.
granite
intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometers across
batholiths
an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth’s crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, and further melting and igneous intrusion.
rock cycle
remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past
fossil
a scientist who studies fossils
paleontologists
the age of a rock compared with the age of another roc
relative age
a dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly
scoria
a property of a material or substance that easily scratches another
abrasive
rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure.
sedimentary rocks
the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity
erosion
a coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite
gneiss
rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them
mineral ores
mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land
open-cut mining
mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface
underground mining
a mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal
alloy
the age of a rock compared with the age of another rock
relative age
a cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods
mold
