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Year 8 science > cells > Flashcards

cells Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons. Also roundish structure inside a cell that acts as the control centre for the cell. Plural = nuclei.

A

nucleus

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2
Q

tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes contain the DNA that carries genetic information.

A

chromosomes

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3
Q

the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

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4
Q

cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

A

mitosis

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5
Q

identical copy

A

clones

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6
Q

the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

A

cytokinesis

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7
Q

disease that can be transferred from one organism to another

A

infectious diseases

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8
Q

disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another

A

non-infectious diseases

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9
Q

substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body

A

antibiotics

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10
Q

chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects

A

disinfectants

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11
Q

mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes

A

antiseptics

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12
Q

describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria

A

bactericidal

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13
Q

describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn’t kill them

A

bacteriostatic

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14
Q

instrument for viewing very small objects. A light microscope can magnify things up to 1500 times.

A

light microscopes

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15
Q

instrument for viewing very small objects. An electron microscope is much more powerful than a light microscope and can magnify things up to a million times.

A

electron microscopes

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16
Q

the number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system. For example, a magnification of two means the object has been enlarged to twice its actual size.

A

magnification

17
Q

describes a microscope through which the specimen is seen using one eye only

A

monocular

18
Q

a microscope with two eyepieces, so you use both eyes to look at the object

A

binocular

19
Q

describes a microscope through which the specimen is viewed using both eyes

A

stereo

20
Q

an instrument for viewing small objects

A

microscope

21
Q

cells

A

the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.

22
Q

type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

A

phloem

23
Q

transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

A

translocation

24
Q

pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.

A

xylem vessels

25
Q

a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems. Lignin forms up to 30 per cent of the wood of trees.

A

lignin

26
Q

small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma.

A

stomata

27
Q

movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves

A

transpiration stream

28
Q

cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

A

guard cells

29
Q

groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

A

vascular bundles

30
Q

the outermost layer of the skin

A

epidermis

31
Q

the medical name for the deeper part of the skin

A

dermis

32
Q

special cells that detect energy and convert it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain

A

receptors

33
Q

tiny, coiled tube in the skin through which water and salt are removed from the body, helping to control body temperature

A

sweat glands

34
Q

small opening in the skin. Perspiration reaches the surface of the skin through pores.

A

pores

35
Q

change state from a liquid to a gas. Evaporation occurs only from the surface of a liquid.

A

evaporates

36
Q

a disease resulting in the uncontrolled growth of body cells, forming tumours

A

cancer

37
Q

an abnormal growth

A

tumour

38
Q

describes a tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body

A

benign

39
Q

describes a type of tumour that damages cells and can spread to other parts of the body

A

malignant

Year 8 science (4 decks)

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