cells

Question 1

central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons. Also roundish structure inside a cell that acts as the control centre for the cell. Plural = nuclei.

Answer 1

nucleus

Question 2

tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromosomes contain the DNA that carries genetic information.

Answer 2

chromosomes

Question 3

the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

Answer 3

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Question 4

cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

Answer 4

mitosis

Question 5

identical copy

Answer 5

clones

Question 6

the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

Answer 6

cytokinesis

Question 7

disease that can be transferred from one organism to another

Answer 7

infectious diseases

Question 8

disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another

Answer 8

non-infectious diseases

Question 9

substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body

Answer 9

antibiotics

Question 10

chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects

Answer 10

disinfectants

Question 11

mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes

Answer 11

antiseptics

Question 12

describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria

Answer 12

bactericidal

Question 13

describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn’t kill them

Answer 13

bacteriostatic

Question 14

instrument for viewing very small objects. A light microscope can magnify things up to 1500 times.

Answer 14

light microscopes

Question 15

instrument for viewing very small objects. An electron microscope is much more powerful than a light microscope and can magnify things up to a million times.

Answer 15

electron microscopes

Question 16

the number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system. For example, a magnification of two means the object has been enlarged to twice its actual size.

Answer 16

magnification

Question 17

describes a microscope through which the specimen is seen using one eye only

Answer 17

monocular

Question 18

a microscope with two eyepieces, so you use both eyes to look at the object

Answer 18

binocular

Question 19

describes a microscope through which the specimen is viewed using both eyes

Answer 19

stereo

Question 20

an instrument for viewing small objects

Answer 20

microscope

Question 21

cells

Answer 21

the smallest unit of life. Cells are the building blocks of living things. There are many different sized and shaped cells in animals and plants, as well as single-celled organisms.

Question 22

type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

Answer 22

phloem

Question 23

transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

Answer 23

translocation

Question 24

pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.

Answer 24

xylem vessels

Question 25

a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems. Lignin forms up to 30 per cent of the wood of trees.

Answer 25

lignin

Question 26

small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma.

Answer 26

stomata

Question 27

movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves

Answer 27

transpiration stream

Question 28

cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

Answer 28

guard cells

Question 29

groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

Answer 29

vascular bundles

Question 30

the outermost layer of the skin

Answer 30

epidermis

Question 31

the medical name for the deeper part of the skin

Answer 31

dermis

Question 32

special cells that detect energy and convert it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain

Answer 32

receptors

Question 33

tiny, coiled tube in the skin through which water and salt are removed from the body, helping to control body temperature

Answer 33

sweat glands

Question 34

small opening in the skin. Perspiration reaches the surface of the skin through pores.

Answer 34

pores

Question 35

change state from a liquid to a gas. Evaporation occurs only from the surface of a liquid.

Answer 35

evaporates

Question 36

a disease resulting in the uncontrolled growth of body cells, forming tumours

Answer 36

cancer

Question 37

an abnormal growth

Answer 37

tumour

Question 38

describes a tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body

Answer 38

benign

Question 39

describes a type of tumour that damages cells and can spread to other parts of the body

Answer 39

malignant