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Year 8 Science > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

all rocks are made up from …

A

minerals

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2
Q

the outermost layer of the Earth, includes the crust and uppermost part of the mantle

A

lithosphere

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3
Q

a very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface, that has come from the mantle

A

magma

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4
Q

material broken down by weathering and erosion that is moved by wind or water and collects in layers

A

sediments

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5
Q

elements found uncombined in the Earth’s crust

A

native elements

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6
Q

geometrically-shaped substance made up of atoms and molecules arranged in one of seven different shapes.

A

crystals

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7
Q

appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light. A mineral can appear glassy, waxy, metallic, dull, pearly, silky or brilliant.

A

lustre

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8
Q

colour of a mineral as a fine powder, found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile

A

streak

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9
Q

a measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material

A

hardness

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10
Q

chemical sedimentary rocks occur when components of water evaporate and previously dissolved minerals are left behind

A

chemical rocks

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11
Q

sedimentary rocks occur when there is buildup of tiny pieces of broken rocks

A

clastic rocks

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12
Q

organic sedimentary rocks occur as a result of the accumulation of any form of animal or plant remains like bones

A

organic

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13
Q

is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava

A

igneous

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14
Q

magma that comes out of the ground and makes it to the surface and solidifies

A

extrusive rocks

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15
Q

magma that doesn’t make it to the surface and solidifies inside of the crust

A

intrusive rocks

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16
Q

a pale rock that forms when frothy lava cools in the air

A

pumice

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17
Q

a dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly

A

scoria

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18
Q

a property of a material or substance that easily scratches another

A

abrasive

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19
Q

a dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava

A

basalt

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20
Q

a black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces

A

obsidian

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21
Q

rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure

A

sedimetary rocks

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22
Q

the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

A

erosion

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23
Q

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

A

floodplains

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24
Q

deposit left by movement of a glacier

A

moraines

25
Q

large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

A

glaciers

26
Q

a sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains

A

sandstone

27
Q

a fine grained, sedimentary rock without layering

A

mudstone

28
Q

a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by consolidation of clay

A

shale

29
Q

a sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

A

siltstone

30
Q

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

A

conglomerate

31
Q

a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms

A

limestone

32
Q

a sedimentary rock formed by buried dead plants and animals

A

coal

33
Q

sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up. Its main chemical is sodium chloride

A

rock salt

34
Q

the process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

A

metamorphism

35
Q

rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure

A

metamorphic rocks

36
Q

a metamorphic rock formed as a result of great pressure on limestone

A

marble

37
Q

a coarse-grained metamorphic rock formed mainly as a result of great pressure on granite

A

gneiss

38
Q

an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth’s crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, and further melting and igneous intrusion.

A

rock cycle

39
Q

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

A

mineral ores

40
Q

extraction of natural resources from the Earth

A

mining

41
Q

study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

A

environmental impact statement (EIS)

42
Q

restored to its previous condition

A

rehabilitated

43
Q

waste rock removed from below the surface. This rock is replaced when the area is restored

A

overburden

44
Q

mining that digs out soil and rocks on the surface

A

open-cut mining

45
Q

mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

A

underground mining

46
Q

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

A

stone age

47
Q

a mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

A

alloy

48
Q

a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

A

flint

49
Q

a process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools

A

percussion flaking

50
Q

remains of an animal or living thing from the past or a former age

A

fossil

51
Q

the term for when rocks are under pressure from both sides (buckling)

A

folding

52
Q

a scientist who studies fossils

A

palaeontologist

53
Q

the age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

A

relative age

54
Q

in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

A

mould cavity

55
Q

fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was alive when the rock was formed

A

trace fossils

56
Q

a family or species that have no members alive

A

extinct

57
Q

animal that eats other animals

A

carnivores

58
Q

animals that eat dead plant and animal material

A

scavengers

Year 8 Science (6 decks)

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