Energy

Question 1

a law that states that energy cannot be made or lost. The energy can then be transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object to another

Answer 1

Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 2

the energy made available by the flow of electric charge through a conductor

Answer 2

electrical energy

Question 3

energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level

Answer 3

gravitational potential energy

Question 4

potential energy derived from chemical reactions

Answer 4

chemical energy

Question 5

the potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material

Answer 5

elastic potential energy

Question 6

the energy stored at the centre of atoms, the tiny particles that make up all substances

Answer 6

nuclear energy

Question 7

the fraction of energy supplied to a device as useful energy

Answer 7

efficiency

Question 8

transfer of heat through the flow of particles

Answer 8

convection

Question 9

a method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another

Answer 9

radiation

Question 10

heat transferred by radiation, such as the Sun to the Earth

Answer 10

radiant heat

Question 11

bounced off of something

Answer 11

reflected

Question 12

passed through something, such as light or sound passing through air

Answer 12

transmitted

Question 13

taken in

Answer 13

absorbed

Question 14

transfer of heat through collisions between particles

Answer 14

conduction

Question 15

a material that is a poor conductor of heat

Answer 15

insulators

Question 16

describes plants that lose their leaves during autumn and winter

Answer 16

deciduous

Question 17

an object that gives off its own light

Answer 17

luminous

Question 18

describes objects that emit light when they are hot

Answer 18

incandescent

Question 19

living things that release light

Answer 19

bioluminescent

Question 20

describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light

Answer 20

non-luminous

Question 21

describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance

Answer 21

scattered

Question 22

different colours that combine to make up white light; they are separated in rainbows

Answer 22

visible spectrum

Question 23

separation of the colours that make up white light

Answer 23

dispersion

Question 24

the radiant energy such as radio waves, infrared, visible light, X-rays and gamma rays released by magnetic or electric fields

Answer 24

electromagnetic radiation

Question 25

complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields

Answer 25

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 26

low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Answer 26

radio waves

Question 27

low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Answer 27

infra-red radiation

Question 28

invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy

Answer 28

ultraviolet radiation

Question 29

high energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provide information about their structure

Answer 29

X-rays

Question 30

high energy electromagnetic radiation produced during nuclear reaction

Answer 30

gamma rays

Question 31

repeated fast, back-and-forth movements

Answer 31

vibrations

Question 32

the process of pushing a material into itself

Answer 32

compression

Question 33

in sound waves, the layers of air particles that are spread apart (between compressions)

Answer 33

rarefactions

Question 34

vibrations of particles in the air

Answer 34

sound waves

Question 35

number of vibrations in one second, or the number of wavelengths passing in one second

Answer 35

frequency

Question 36

unit of frequency; its abbreviation is Hz. One hertz is equal to one vibration every second.

Answer 36

hertz

Question 37

the highness or lowness of a sound. The pitch that you hear depends on the frequency of the vibrating air.

Answer 37

pitch

Question 38

distance between two neighbouring crests or troughs of a wave

Answer 38

wavelength

Question 39

maximum distance that a particle moves away from its undisturbed position

Answer 39

amplitude

Question 40

longer-lasting sound caused by repeated reflection from hard surfaces

Answer 40

reverberation