Rocks Flashcards
Describe how carbonation occurs?
Rainwater is a weak carbonic acid
As rain mixes with carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Limestone is dissolved ( as it is soluble in weak acid)
Over a long period of time
What is a batholith?
Large domes of cooled magma forms domes of igneous rocks called batholiths
When do extrusive igneous rocks form?
They form when magma cools after its erupted from a volcano onto the earths surface
Speed of intrusive and extrusive rocks for cooling?n
Intrusive - slowly forming large crystals that give the rocks a coarse texture
Extrusive - quickly forming small crystals that give it a fine texture
What is the process of compacting rocks?
Lithification
Solution weathering?
Some minerals that make up rocks are soluble in water
The minerals dissolve in rainwater breaking the rock
How many trees were planted in hope cement works?
7,000 in 2003
How many active quarries were then in the Peak District?
12
How much limestone does hope quarry produce?
2 million tonnes of limestone are extracted each year
10% of UKs cement
How many people does hope quarry and cement works produce?
300 local people
How many visitors does the Peak District National Park attract?
22 million
What features are found on granite landscapes?
Tors
Moorland areas
What features are found on chalk and clay landscape?
Dry valleys
Spring lines
Bales
Escarpment
What features are found in areas of Carboniferous limestone?
Limestone pavement Swallow holes Resurgence Dry valleys Limestone forces Caverns Stalactites Stalagmites Pillars Curtains
Overview of how rocks are used?
Building stone Production of cement Opportunities and limitations for farming Aquifers for water supply Opportunities for tourism
Examples of chemical weathering?
Solution
Carbonation
Examples of mechanical weathering?
Exfoliation
Freeze thaw p
Advantages of hope quarry?
- provides jobs for 182 local people
- spend money they eating shops nearby Hope and Beadwell
- encouraged young people to stay in the area where alternative jobs are limited
- produced 2m tonnes of limestone a year
Disadvantages of Hope Quarry?
1m tonnes of carbon dioxide emitted per year (global warming)
Limestone lasts for 30 years which makes it in efficent
How do interlocking Spurs form?
The river erodes vertically
V shaped valley created
Then the river winds around obstacles of resistant rock
To take the easiest path
What is a batholith?
Huge irregular mass of intrusive rock which reaches the surface when overlying rock is removed
Formation of a meander?
Continued erosion on outside bend Deposition on inside bend Meander neck narrows River cuts through this gap Forms oxbow lake when old bend is cut off Dried to form a meander scar
