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Environmental Processes > Rocks 2 > Flashcards

Rocks 2 Flashcards

1
Q

importance of rocks

A

evidence of past, principle of uniformitarism

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2
Q

other uses of looking at rocks

A

hazard analysis, glacial/river reconstruction, environmental analysis

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3
Q

rock

A

naturally occurring mass of organic/inorganic material

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4
Q

mineral

A

naturally occurring inorganic solid with chemical composition

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5
Q

mineral identification

A

crystal habit (symmetry), cleavage, hardness, colour, lustre, magnetism, optical properties

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6
Q

hard minerals

A

covalent

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7
Q

less hard minerals

A

ionic

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8
Q

soft minerals

A

van der waals

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9
Q

what do some minerals have

A

an element changes meaning change to whole mineral

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10
Q

crystal system

A

defines length of sides/angles

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11
Q

crystal growth

A

needs ions/atoms, space, temp, pressure

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12
Q

crystal destruction

A

melting/dissolution/chemical alteration

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13
Q

native element

A

one element

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14
Q

mineral classes

A

sulfates, halides, oxides etc

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15
Q

main mineral on earth

A

silicate

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16
Q

intrusive/plutonic

A

inside earth, slow cooling, coarse

17
Q

extrusive

A

fine, minerals have no time to grow

18
Q

hight melting temp

A

mafic

19
Q

low melting temp

A

felsic

20
Q

partial melting

A

subduction zones brings water and lowers melting point)

21
Q

fractional crystallisation

A

removal of minerals changes composition (mafic to silica)

22
Q

assimiliation

A

magma erupts and melts rock

23
Q

magma mixing

A

partial melting magma mixes with magma chamber

24
Q

felsic magma

A

quartz/muscovite

25
Q

mafic magma

A

biotite/olivine

26
Q

bowens reaction series

A

as temp decreases minerals crystallise in order

27
Q

ocean-continental subduction

A

felsic

28
Q

ocean-ocean subduction

A

intermediate

29
Q

continental-continental/hotspot

A

mafic

Environmental Processes (9 decks)

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