Rockets - Tutorial Flashcards

1
Q

What is the fuel and oxidiser used in the V2 rocket

A

fuel - 74% ethanol/water mixture

oxidiser - liquid oxygen (LOx)

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2
Q

How was combustion temperature in V2 lowered to a tolerable level

A
  • used water in fuel to reduce temp

- used regenerative cooling (fuel to cool combustion chamber)

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3
Q

How did soviet R7 improve pressure and temp tolerances

A
  • used corrugated sheets between thin inner walls and steel outer walls
  • then used regenerative cooling through walls
  • both helped tolerate higher temp and pressure more
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4
Q

Write down heat flux equation

A

Q = k (Twg - Twl)/L

Q - heat flux
k - heat conductivity
Twg - temp wall gas (comb. chamb)
Twl - temp wall liquid (outer wall)

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5
Q

Which rocket is the most used space launcher and why

A
  • Soyuz space rocket
  • low cost and highly reliable
  • 20x cheaper than space shuttle launch
  • used ORSC
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6
Q

How did F1 engine in Saturn V rocket overcome combustion instability

A
  • used four smaller combustion chambers around a central core
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7
Q

Pros and cons of using multiple combustion chambers

A

pros

  • increased suitability
  • higher compression ratios

cons

  • more weight
  • more noise
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8
Q

Explain what LES (launch escape system) is

A

Used if failure in takeoff. This module will be launched separate from rocket and then parachutes will carry it back down away from launch site.

4 parts:

  • launch abort system
  • crew module
  • service module
  • space craft adapter
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9
Q

Discuss why you would use ejector seats rather than LES

A
  • keeps launch weight low
  • used in systems where propellant explosion in launch was smaller so astronauts don’t have to travel that far away from launch site to be safe
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10
Q

Explain why ocean launch is good at the equator

A
  • reduced risk of launching over populated areas
  • absence of range conflicts with other launch systems
  • equator great to reduce thrust requirements for payload
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11
Q

Why are ORSC systems harder to design

A

Because they provide higher efficiency due to elevated temperatures. At these temps, normal metal may melt or corrode

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12
Q

Why should Kerosene not by used in FRSC

A

Kersone is very dense and can be left as residue in valves.

Also high temperature combustion which means containing is much harder

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13
Q

Draw both FRSC and ORSC

A

pic1

pic2

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14
Q

What is a full flow staged combustion cycle. Which engine plans to use this

A
  • Space X raptor engine
  • eliminates the fuel-oxidiser turbine interseal
  • lower pressure requirements in pumps
  • can increase combustion chamber pressure
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15
Q

Pros and Cons of using liquid methane

A

Pros

  1. Better specific impulse
  2. Better cooling capabilities
  3. No/less residue in pipes
  4. No need for extra infrastructure and cheaper
  5. Can be produced on Mars from CO2 and Water

Cons

  1. Slightly lower bulk density than RP-1
  2. Slightly overall heavier as requires more oxygen to burn than RP-1
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16
Q

Pros and cons of reusable rockets

A

Pros
1. Fuel cost only 0.3% of total so saves on manufacturing cost

Cons

  1. Payload possibly reduces by 30%
  2. Added cost of: development, manufacturing, recovering, possible refurbishment
  3. Needs at least 10 re-uses to make it economically even
  4. Market for it might not be large enough
17
Q

Why does the bloodhound SCC use 3 different engines

A
  1. EJ200 jet engine: go from 0-350mph
  2. hybrid rocket 350-1000mph
  3. Supercharged jaguar v8 engine used as fuel pump