Rock/Water Test

Question 1

In what physical state does most of Earth´s fresh water exist?

Answer 1

solid, frozen, form of icers or ice caps

Question 2

Other than glaciers, what is the other abundant freshwater resource

Answer 2

groundwater

Question 3

What process keeps the amount of water on Earth´s surface constant?

Answer 3

Water(hydrophilic) cycle

Question 4

Watershed def.

Answer 4

the land area that contributes water to a stream (includes all surface water and groundwater)

Question 5

What watersheds is Eaton associated with?

Answer 5

Cache la Poudre, South Platte, Missouri, Mississippi

Question 6

Which side of the Rocky Mountains are most of Colorado’s surface water located?

Answer 6

west side

Question 7

why is the water on the west side but the higher population is on the east

Answer 7

rainshadow effect: more precipitation on the west side

Question 8

Factors that determine the velocity of a river

Answer 8

gradient, stream Channel, Discharge

Question 9

Which side of the rocky mountains is most of Colorado´s population?

Answer 9

east side

Question 10

how did colorado address the distribution of water in the state and the pattern of the population?

Answer 10

Colorado has managed this by creating dam, pipelines, tunnels, and water ways to move the water over the mountain.

Question 11

explain what occurs with sediments being carried by a stream as the velocity of the stream decreases

Answer 11

Sediment begins to drop out beginning with the largest particle-sorting

Question 12

Factors that increase infiltration of groundwater

Answer 12

steepness of slope, nature of surface, intensity of rainfall, and type of amount of vegatation

Question 13

Porosity def.

Answer 13

How much air space is in sediment or rock in the form of holes, cracks, cavities, from dissolved rocks, gaps, between grains(Determines amount of water that can be stored)

Question 14

Permeability def.

Answer 14

How well the pore spaces are connected with each other(Determines how water moves through sediment or rock)

Question 15

Factors that affect the porosity and permeability of sediments

Answer 15

size, sorting, groundness

Question 16

Define aquifer

Answer 16

groundwater storage, a body of permeable rock that can contain or allow water through it

Question 17

What is a water table?

Answer 17

upper level of saturated ground

Question 18

Explain the formation of caves and sinkholes.

Answer 18

when mildly acidic groundwater dissolves the calcite in limestone. This occurs in the zone of saturation when groundwater has constant contact with limestone.

Question 19

What criteria define a mineral?

Answer 19

Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, chemical composition, crystalline structure

Question 20

The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of the mineral.

Answer 20

luster

Question 21

The resistance of a mineral to being scratched is known as

Answer 21

hardness

Question 22

Minerals that break in unpredictable or irregular patterns show

Answer 22

fracture

Question 23

The most unreliable property of a mineral is color because

Answer 23

small amounts of different elements can give the same mineral a different color

Question 24

The term metallic refers to which physical property

Answer 24

luster

Question 25

The color of a mineral in a powdered from

Answer 25

streak

Question 26

The ability of a mineral to break on even planes of weakness and shows a geometric shape

Answer 26

cleavage

Question 27

In the rock cycle, rocks are classified by

Answer 27

how they form

Question 28

Rocks made of other pieces of other rocks or organic material are called.

Answer 28

sedimentary

Question 29

Rocks made of cooled magma or lava are called

Answer 29

igneous

Question 30

rocks that form as a result of heat and pressure applied to preexisting rocks are called

Answer 30

metamorphic

Question 31

what processes must occur in order to produce a sedimentary rock

Answer 31

weathering and erosion deposition, compaction and cementation

Question 32

what is the breaking up of earth materials into pieces called?

Answer 32

weathering

Question 33

what is the transportation of earth materials called?

Answer 33

erosion

Question 34

Intergrown crystals are usually a characteristic of which group of rocks

Answer 34

igneous

Question 35

Which type of magma is formed in the ocean crust and contains high levels of iron and magnesium

Answer 35

basaltic magma

Question 36

the type of magma that is rich in silica and generally results in light-colored rocks is called

Answer 36

granite magma

Question 37

igneous rocks are classified according to?

Answer 37

texture and magma type

Question 38

the size of the mineral crystals in an igneous rock indicates what

Answer 38

intrusive/extrusive (below or above ground)

Question 39

if a geologist finds an igneous rock with large mineral crystals and is light in color, what does this indicate about the formation of the rock?

Answer 39

granitic (continental crust), below ground

Question 40

If a geologist finds an igneous with microscopic mineral crystals and is dark in color, what does this indicate about the formation of the rock?

Answer 40

basaltic (ocean crust), above ground

Question 41

sedimentary rocks are classified by?

Answer 41

biochemical (once-living things) clastic (pieces of other rocks) chemical (dissolved)

Question 42

what mineral is responsible for the reaction to hydrochloric acid?

Answer 42

calcite

Question 43

which rocks would react to calcite?

Answer 43

minerals that would react are marble and limestone

Question 44

when a geologist sees a sedimentary rock with rounded pieces she knows that the transportation of the sediments must have been...

Answer 44

far from source, swift river

Question 45

how does the sedimentary rock limestone form

Answer 45

in oceans (dissolved and sunk)

Question 46

what is the source of the material that makes coal?

Answer 46

compacted plants

Question 47

clastic sedimentary rocks are classified by?

Answer 47

grain size (coarse, medium, fine)

Question 48

coal is best described as what type of sedimentary rock?

Answer 48

bio chemica

Question 49

the single most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks is?

Answer 49

stratification

Question 50

sediment that shrinks as the water dries out of it results in what sedimentary feature?

Answer 50

mud cracks

Question 51

fine-grained sedimentary rocks record waves action in shallow water by preserving this sedimentary feature

Answer 51

ripple marks

Question 52

foliation is a characteristic for which type of rock

Answer 52

metamorphic, fine to coarse

Question 53

which rocks can show layers

Answer 53

sandstone, stratified

Question 54

most of the heat for contact metamorphism is created by?

Answer 54

magma, lava, friction, depth below surface

Question 55

regional metamorphism affects large areas and often results in what texture?

Answer 55

foliated

Question 56

describe foliated

Answer 56

layers, more than one mineral type, various size crystals

Question 57

describe non- foliated

Answer 57

no layers, one mineral type, equal size crystals