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Earth Science > Rock/Water Test > Flashcards

Rock/Water Test Flashcards

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1
Q

In what physical state does most of Earth´s fresh water exist?

A

solid, frozen, form of icers or ice caps

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2
Q

Other than glaciers, what is the other abundant freshwater resource

A

groundwater

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3
Q

What process keeps the amount of water on Earth´s surface constant?

A

Water(hydrophilic) cycle

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4
Q

Watershed def.

A

the land area that contributes water to a stream (includes all surface water and groundwater)

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5
Q

What watersheds is Eaton associated with?

A

Cache la Poudre, South Platte, Missouri, Mississippi

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6
Q

Which side of the Rocky Mountains are most of Colorado’s surface water located?

A

west side

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7
Q

why is the water on the west side but the higher population is on the east

A

rainshadow effect: more precipitation on the west side

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8
Q

Factors that determine the velocity of a river

A

gradient, stream Channel, Discharge

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9
Q

Which side of the rocky mountains is most of Colorado´s population?

A

east side

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10
Q

how did colorado address the distribution of water in the state and the pattern of the population?

A

Colorado has managed this by creating dam, pipelines, tunnels, and water ways to move the water over the mountain.

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11
Q

explain what occurs with sediments being carried by a stream as the velocity of the stream decreases

A

Sediment begins to drop out beginning with the largest particle-sorting

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12
Q

Factors that increase infiltration of groundwater

A

steepness of slope, nature of surface, intensity of rainfall, and type of amount of vegatation

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13
Q

Porosity def.

A

How much air space is in sediment or rock in the form of holes, cracks, cavities, from dissolved rocks, gaps, between grains(Determines amount of water that can be stored)

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14
Q

Permeability def.

A

How well the pore spaces are connected with each other(Determines how water moves through sediment or rock)

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15
Q

Factors that affect the porosity and permeability of sediments

A

size, sorting, groundness

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16
Q

Define aquifer

A

groundwater storage, a body of permeable rock that can contain or allow water through it

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17
Q

What is a water table?

A

upper level of saturated ground

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18
Q

Explain the formation of caves and sinkholes.

A

when mildly acidic groundwater dissolves the calcite in limestone. This occurs in the zone of saturation when groundwater has constant contact with limestone.

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19
Q

What criteria define a mineral?

A

Naturally occurring, inorganic, solid, chemical composition, crystalline structure

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20
Q

The appearance or quality of light reflected from the surface of the mineral.

A

luster

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21
Q

The resistance of a mineral to being scratched is known as

A

hardness

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22
Q

Minerals that break in unpredictable or irregular patterns show

A

fracture

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23
Q

The most unreliable property of a mineral is color because

A

small amounts of different elements can give the same mineral a different color

24
Q

The term metallic refers to which physical property

A

luster

25
Q

The color of a mineral in a powdered from

A

streak

26
Q

The ability of a mineral to break on even planes of weakness and shows a geometric shape

A

cleavage

27
Q

In the rock cycle, rocks are classified by

A

how they form

28
Q

Rocks made of other pieces of other rocks or organic material are called.

A

sedimentary

29
Q

Rocks made of cooled magma or lava are called

A

igneous

30
Q

rocks that form as a result of heat and pressure applied to preexisting rocks are called

A

metamorphic

31
Q

what processes must occur in order to produce a sedimentary rock

A

weathering and erosion

deposition,

compaction and cementation

32
Q

what is the breaking up of earth materials into pieces called?

A

weathering

33
Q

what is the transportation of earth materials called?

A

erosion

34
Q

Intergrown crystals are usually a characteristic of which group of rocks

A

igneous

35
Q

Which type of magma is formed in the ocean crust and contains high levels of iron and magnesium

A

basaltic magma

36
Q

the type of magma that is rich in silica and generally results in light-colored rocks is called

A

granite magma

37
Q

igneous rocks are classified according to?

A

texture and magma type

38
Q

the size of the mineral crystals in an igneous rock indicates what

A

intrusive/extrusive (below or above ground)

39
Q

if a geologist finds an igneous rock with large mineral crystals and is light in color, what does this indicate about the formation of the rock?

A

granitic (continental crust), below ground

40
Q

If a geologist finds an igneous with microscopic mineral crystals and is dark in color, what does this indicate about the formation of the rock?

A

basaltic (ocean crust), above ground

41
Q

sedimentary rocks are classified by?

A

biochemical (once-living things)

clastic (pieces of other rocks)

chemical (dissolved)

42
Q

what mineral is responsible for the reaction to hydrochloric acid?

A

calcite

43
Q

which rocks would react to calcite?

A

minerals that would react are marble and limestone

44
Q

when a geologist sees a sedimentary rock with rounded pieces she knows that the transportation of the sediments must have been…

A

far from source, swift river

45
Q

how does the sedimentary rock limestone form

A

in oceans (dissolved and sunk)

46
Q

what is the source of the material that makes coal?

A

compacted plants

47
Q

clastic sedimentary rocks are classified by?

A

grain size (coarse, medium, fine)

48
Q

coal is best described as what type of sedimentary rock?

A

bio chemica

49
Q

the single most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks is?

A

stratification

50
Q

sediment that shrinks as the water dries out of it results in what sedimentary feature?

A

mud cracks

51
Q

fine-grained sedimentary rocks record waves action in shallow water by preserving this sedimentary feature

A

ripple marks

52
Q

foliation is a characteristic for which type of rock

A

metamorphic, fine to coarse

53
Q

which rocks can show layers

A

sandstone, stratified

54
Q

most of the heat for contact metamorphism is created by?

A

magma, lava, friction, depth below surface

55
Q

regional metamorphism affects large areas and often results in what texture?

A

foliated

56
Q

describe foliated

A

layers, more than one mineral type, various size crystals

57
Q

describe non- foliated

A

no layers, one mineral type, equal size crystals

Earth Science (3 decks)

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