Plate Tectonics Test

Question 1

Name the theory that explains why and how continents move.

Answer 1

plate tectonics

Question 2

Layers of the earth

Answer 2

inner core
outer core
mesosphere
asthenosphere
lithosphere

Question 3

What layer of earth forms tectonic plates?

Answer 3

lithosphere

Question 4

What layer of earth is elastic, much like putty?

Answer 4

asthenosphere

Question 5

Which layer of Earth causes the motion of the plates through convection cells of magma?

Answer 5

asthenosphere

Question 6

Which layer of Earth is made of continental and oceanic crust?

Answer 6

lithosphere

Question 7

Which layer of Earth generates the Earth’s magnetism?

Answer 7

inner/outer core

Question 8

what is the main difference between oceanic crust and continental crust?

Answer 8

Continental crust is older and oceanic crust is younger

Question 9

Name and describe the record of reverse and normal polarity in the ocean crust.

Answer 9

Normal polarity-north
reverse polarity-south
paleomagnetism-ancient magnetism, magnetic reversal recorded in ocean floor rocks

Question 10

How does the age of oceanic rock that is closer to the mid-ocean ridge compare to the oceanic rock that is further away from the ridge?

Answer 10

Oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges is the youngest rock and the crust near continents are the oldest rock.

Question 11

Divergent Boundary

Answer 11

-plates moving away from each other
-forms a ridge or rift at the boundary
-creates new crust

Question 12

Convergent continent/continent boundary

Answer 12

-plates are moving toward each other
-forms mountains(no subduction+no volcanoes)
-crust shortens or deforms

Question 13

Transform Boundary

Answer 13

-plates sliding past each other
-deforms crust due to friction
-can create other small fractures(faults)
-results in earthquakes

Question 14

Convergent ocean/continent boundary

Answer 14

-plates moving toward each other
-subduction zone-oceanic crust pushed below continetal
-forms a trench in the ocean and volcanoes on the continent
-destroys crust(melting)

Question 15

Convergent ocean/ocean boundary

Answer 15

-plates moving toward each other
-subduction zone
-forms a trench and volcanic island arc in the ocean
-destroys crust(melting)

Question 16

Explain the formation of the Himalayan Mountains

Answer 16

Convergent boundary between continent and continent crust(India colliding with Asia)

Question 17

Explain the formation of Mt. St. Helens

Answer 17

convergent boundary between ocean and continent plates

Question 18

Explain the formation of the Hawaii Islands

Answer 18

created by a hot spot

Question 19

List the boundaries that can result in a volcanic eruption

Answer 19

Every boundary except transform

Question 20

Explain what determines the type of eruption a volcano will have.

Answer 20

Determined by how easily gases can escape from magma
Fluid magma=easy escape=mellow eruption
Thick magma=difficult escape=violent eruption

Question 21

Dike

Answer 21

magma cuts across rock layers

Question 22

Sill

Answer 22

magma squeezed between rock layers

Question 23

Laccolith

Answer 23

forms like a still but created a dome, the overlying rock is bent upward

Question 24

Batholith

Answer 24

largest intrusion, no true shape, cuts through rock layers and often forms the core of mountains

Question 25

Explain what occurs along the Pacific Ring of Fire

Answer 25

The ring of fire has all three boundaries(except transform)

Question 26

List the plates that can result in a earthquake

Answer 26

Any plate boundary can result in a earthquake

Question 27

Describe the elastic rebound

Answer 27

rocks sping back to original form following years of displacement by plate motion -released build of strain -earthquakes is felt during elastic rebound

Question 28

List the plate boundaries that can result in mountain building

Answer 28

continent/continent plate boundary

Question 29

Anticline

Answer 29

arch shaped, upward ben in rock, oldest rock in the middle of two limbs

Question 30

syncline

Answer 30

basin-shaped, downward bend in rock, youngest rock in the middle of two limbs

Question 31

monocline

Answer 31

step like fold, one limb

Question 32

Transform/strike-slip fault

Answer 32

faults that break horizontally due to shearing

Question 33

Normal fault

Answer 33

faults that break vertically due to extension

Question 34

Reverse Fault

Answer 34

faults that break vertically due to compression

Question 35

Volcanic Mountains

Answer 35

form along plate boundaries and hot spots due to volcanic activity -active, dormant, extinct

Question 36

Dome Mountains

Answer 36

broad up warping of rock, nearly circular, older rock exposed in the center, formed from laccoliths/faulting

Question 37

Folded Mountains

Answer 37

formed from folding due to compression of the lithosphere, can also include faulting, metamorphism and intrusive igneous activity