Rock Types and Formations Flashcards
Name the two igneous rock types and their formations.
Extrusive igneous= cooled quickly, so small crystals form (e.g. Basalt)
Formed on the the surface
Intrusive igneous= cooled slowly, so large crystals form (e.g. Granite)
Formed underground
What are the 3 main rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic.
What is parent rock?
The rock type that exists before the rock is altered into metamorphic rock, e.g. Shale becomes slate.
How are igneous rocks formed?
They result from volcanic activity and consist of crystals which formed as the volcanic rock cooled down.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
They have been laid down in layers, and consist of either small particles that have been eroded or transported, e.g. Sandstone and shale or the remains of plants and animals, e.g. Limestone and coal.
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
They have been altered by heat and pressure over a long period of time. E.g. By extreme heat= limestone into marble and extreme pressure= shale into slate
What is impermeable rock?
Ran rock that does not let water pass through.
What is a porous rock and what is a permeable rock?
Permeable= a rock that consists of tiny pores or cracks through which water can pass through
Porous= how much space the rock has to allow substances to pass through a porous rock
