Rock, resources and scenery

Question 1

Types of rock: igneous explain

Answer 1

formed when magma cools
intrusive= formed below earth surface (granite)
extrusive= formed on earths surface (basalt)

Question 2

Sedimentary rock explain and examples

Answer 2

When sediment is carried into the bottom of the ocean and compressed into rock.
e.g. limestone, chalk, and clay

Question 3

Metamorphic rock explain and example

Answer 3

It is formed by changes in pressure and temperature
e.g. rock deep in earth changed by weight
Magma heats the rocks in the crust etc.

Question 4

Weathering- 1st types

explain

Answer 4

mechanical weathering= exfoliation- temp cause rocks to crack. Hot will expand, cold will shrink. Freeze thaw- water gets into cracks and freezes and expands, rocks eventually break up.

Question 5

Weathering- 2nd type

explain

Answer 5

Biological- This is when roots can grow into cracks and expand them and crack the rock.
Animals can burrow and looses rock material

Question 6

Weathering- 3rd type

explain

Answer 6

Chemical- solution- when mineral dissolve in rain water carbonation weathering- rain water mixes with CO2 to form a weak carbonic acid. This then weathers the rock.

Question 7

Explain granite landscapes

Answer 7

Has lots of joints which art evenly spread.
Freeze that and chemical weathering break down the rock
Impermeable- so it doesn’t let water through
Creates moorlands- water logged

Question 8

Explain chalk and clay landscapes

Answer 8

Clay= less resistant rock
Chalk= more resistant rock
Clay parts form valleys 
Chalk parts form escarpments
Chalk= permeable, stores water

Question 9

Explain carboniferous limestone landscapes

Answer 9

Form: limestone pavements- weathered down joints
Swallow holes- weathered holes in the surface
Caverns- beneath swallow holes deeply weathered
Limestone gorges- steep sides form when caverns collapse.

Question 10

Uses of Granite, chalk and clay, and limestone

Answer 10

Granite= tourism, farming, Stone, building, quarries, reservoirs
Chalk and clay= quarrying, tourism, cement, farming,
Limestone= Quarrying, stone, cement, tourism, farming

Question 11

Talk about the rock cycle

Answer 11

Sediment, compacted to form sedimentary rock
magma cools to form igneous rock
Igneous rock melts to form magma
Igneous rock is weathered and eroded to form sediment
Sedimentary rock is heated and pressure to form metamorphic rock.

Question 12

Granite case study

Answer 12

Dartmoor, 
granite quarries, 
tors for tourism,
farming livestock,
8 reservoirs

Question 13

Chalk and clay case study

Answer 13

south downs/ chilterns 
Tourism,
nice scenery 
quarrying 
farming- clay for crops 
             - chalk for grazing

Question 14

Limestone case study

Answer 14

peak district,
dairy farming,
quarrying- Tungstead,
cement, 
walkers, climbers and tourists

Question 15

Quarrying
advantages
disadvantages

Answer 15

adv= creates jobs, eduction visits, new habitats after reconstruction, good transport links.
disad= noise, dust, ruins scenery, kill people, habitats destroyed, heavy traffic, puts tourists off.

Question 16

Quarrying case study?

facts and explain

Answer 16

Swinden quarry, 2.2 million tonnes of limestone per year, employs 29 people. 
10,000 trees have been planted
can be restored for habitats,
walking allowed, 
tourism boosted,

Question 17

What does aquifer mean?

Answer 17

It is a permeable rock that stores water