coastal zone

Question 1

what are the four types of erosion?

Answer 1

abrasion, attrition, hydraulic power, and solution

Question 2

Describe what hydraulic power is

Answer 2

when waves smash against the cliff causing the water to go into the cracks and eventually erode it.

Question 3

describe solution

Answer 3

rocks are vulnerable to being dissolved by sea water

Question 4

attirtion??

Answer 4

when small fragments in the sea bang against each other

Question 5

Abrasion????

Answer 5

when pebbles grinding over a rocky platform. ‘sandpaper effect’.

Question 6

Two types of mass movement

Answer 6

slides and slumps

Question 7

define weathering and erosion

Answer 7

weathering= the decay of rock insitu 
erosion= the breakdown of rock and moving it away

Question 8

types of weathering and describe

Answer 8

mechanical= freeze thaw
chemical= solution and coronation weathering. 

Solution= minerlas dissolve in rain water 
carbonation= rainwater mixes with CO2 and become a weak carbonic acid.

Question 9

Describe how wave cut platform is formed

Answer 9

erosion occurs at the base of a cliff
this forms a wave cut notch.
further erosion means that the cliff collapses and retreats
material is cleared
further erosion causes a wave cut notch and then the cliff collapses forming a wave cut platform.

Question 10

Types of wave and explain

Answer 10

Destructive= the swash is weaker then the backwash
Constructive= the swash is stronger then the backwash.
Deposition occurs on constructive waves.

Question 11

What is LSD? explain

Answer 11

Long shore drift is when waves travel up the beach in the prevailing wind direction. There is swash meaning that waves go up the beach and then backwash which is goes straight down. Deposition occurs when sediment is deposited on the beach.

Question 12

Types of coastal transportation

Answer 12

Traction= boulders pushed along sea bed 
saltation= boulders bounce along 
suspension= carried along in water 
solution= it is mixed with water and carried along

Question 13

Coastal landforms- Bay and headland

Answer 13

Bay and headland
Bay= clay …………headland= chalk
Alternating of resistant and less resistant rock

Question 14

Coastal landform- stack etc

Answer 14

Firstly there are cracks which are corroded and hydraulic action erode it to form a cave.
The waves cut thought the cave by hydraulic action to form an arch
Further erosion at the base of the arch and therefore it cannot support its own weight and falls
This has then formed a stack
Then the stack is under cut and falls leaving a stump

Question 15

Coastal landform- beeches

spits and bars- example

Answer 15

beeches= constructive waves, and deposition
spits and bars= LSD, slat marshes form behind the spit, good habitats, spits are low. Spurn head in Yorkshire. Bars form a lagoon, joining two headlands together.

Question 16

Why is there coastal flooding?
What are the effects of coastal flooding?
Case study for flooding?

Answer 16

Coastal flooding happens because of melting ice and heating the ocean.
Effects= loss of tourism, damage, loss of jobs, deaths, loss of housing, water supplies affected, vegetation killed.
East anglia- 300 died, it has low lying mud flats.

Question 17

Coastal erosion case study?
Reasone?
Impacts?

Answer 17

Holderness- 1.8 metres per year.
reasons= easily eroded rock, naturally narrow beaches, people make it worse (groyns), powerful waves
Impacts= homes near the cliffs, property prices fall, accessibility is bad, people loose jobs, farmland lost, SSSI’ affected.

Question 18

Coastal management.
Hard engineering? case study???
Soft engineering?

Answer 18

Hard= groyns, rock armour, sea walls. expensive, cheap, lot of work.
Soft= beach nourishment, dune regeneration, marsh creation, managed retreat.

Question 19

What is mass movement?

Answer 19

Is the downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity