Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Geography > rock cycle > Flashcards

rock cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 types of rock

A

igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

define igneous rock

A

rocks created from cooled volcanic materiaks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

define sedimentary rock

A

rocks formed from compacted layers of sediment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

define metamorphic rock

A

rocks formed changed as a result of heat and/or pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the types of igneous rock

A

granite and basalt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe granite

A

coarse grained, multi coloured rock made of silica rich materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

is granite an intrsusive rock

A

yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is granite found

A

wickow mountains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the two ways granite is formed

A

folding and subduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

explain breifly how folding forms magma

A

as 2 continetal plates collide fold mountains forms
magma rises up underneath arched folds and cools

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

how does subduction form granite

A

when an ocenainc plate subducts below a continental and then it melts allowimg magma to rise whihc then melts the continental plate layers and cools slowly forming grnaite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what landscape in ireland is formed from granite

A

leinster batholith
created during caledonaian period
during fold moutain period crsut fractured
magma rose through cracks and cooled slowly inside crust

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe basalt

A

basalt is a fine grained and smooth textured rock made up of mg and fe minerals which gives it a dull black colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where would you find basalt in irelamd

A

antrim-derry plateu
Giant casueway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

is basalt an extrusive or intrusive rock

A

extrusive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does basalt form

A

forms when two plates seperate which allows lava to rise throigh gaps. Basic lava pours out of fissures and cools rapily on exposure to surface temps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

how did the basalt plateau form in antrim derry plateu

A

north american and eurasian plate began to seperate 65 million years ago. Lava pored out from fissures and lava has a low viscoisity so it can spread rapidly before cooling quickly. Repeated eruptions caused it to build up layers of basalt once it was 1.8km thick. Basalt cooled and contracted. Basalt cooled and contracted forming hexagonal columns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

sedimentary rock is formed how

A

formed from broken down particles of plants, animals and weathered rock. The rock is stratified as the sediments are deposited in thick layers called strata. Layers build up and the bottom gets crushed. Cementation occurs as minerals like iron and silica cement together. Eventually compacted and cemented sediments form solid rock. Lithification

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is lithification

A

Process of turning sediment into rock through compaction and cementation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are the two groups of sedimentary rock

A

organic- rocks formed from fossils of living things
Inorganic- rocks formed from broken down fragments of other rocks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe sandstone

A

coarse grained and inorganic rock. High in iron and silica content making it a hard rock weather resistant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where can you find sandstone

A

macgillycuddy reeks co kerry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how does sandstone form

A

forms from depostis of quartz grains. These layers build up on land or in shallow sea beds. 380 million ya when ireland was located south of the equator only the peaks of the caledonain mountains were above sea level and these peaks were eroded and weathered away creating sediment

The deposits built up in shallow sea beds and over time became heavy with their own weight and the water. They compacted togetehr water was removed and the iron and silica minerals cemenented together as lithification occurs.

24
Q

What irish landscape is associated with sandstone

A

Munster ridge valley-
old red sandstone is found in munster was submerged under sea until 250millon ya during the amroican period.

As fold mountaisn formed as the african and eurasian plates collided layers of land made of limestoen and underlying sandstone became exposed. The overlying limestone was eroded away to reveal sandstone ridges. These ridges are the munster rudge valley

25
limestone describe
in a fine grained organic sedimentary rock made of 50% calcium carbonate which gives it a grey colour.
26
what is pure limestone called and what is its colour
chalk- white
27
how does limestone form
it formed in ireland 320 million ya when ireland was submerged under a shallow tropical sea close to the equator. Fossils of fish and other sea cretures built up on the seafloor and over time more built up got comprrssed by their own weight and the water. Calcium carbonate in the bone sof fossils cemeneted the fossils together allowing lithification to occur. Forming limestone. It is brittle so movements cause vertical cracks called joints
28
what landscape is associated with limestone
The burren co clare It covers an area of 250km until the last armorical folding period it was bruied under a shallow tropical sea. It was then uplifted and limestone was protecte dby a layer of soil until the last ice age where it scraped the overlying soil away. Limestone was then sahped by chemical weathering cllaed carbonation as it is dissolved by acidic rain. It formed a limestone pavement
29
describe marble
coarse grained, non foliated rock which forms from its parent materical limestone due to intense heat and pressure. Pure marble is white but impurities give it a differnt colour
30
what are the types of metamorphic rock
marble and quartzute
31
where would you find marble
black marble in kilkenny- from carbon green marble in connemara- - from serpentine
32
how does marble form by regional or contact metamorphism
regional
33
how does quartzite form by regional or contact metamorphism
contact
34
what is regional metamorphism
occurs over a wide area due to intense heat and pressure friction between colliding plates generates generates a huge amount of heat that chnages the physical and chemical properties of rock
35
what is contact metamorphism
it occurs due to heat wehn magma intrudes on the earths crust through cracks cooking surrounding layers of sedimenatry rock changing their pjhysical and chmeical properties
36
what rocks are impacted by metamorphism
sedimentary and igneous
37
describe the formation of marble
it forms from regioanl metamorphism At convergent playte boundary due to intense heat and pressure Intense heat melts away remians of marine fossils and causes limestone starta to emlt together. As limestone heats the calcite minerla sexpad and lock together. These crystals continue to heat and then melt slightly forcing gthem to stick togetehr once cooled.
38
describe appearance quartzite
it is a coarse grained, non foliated rock which forms from the parent rock sandstone. It can vary in colour but is usally pink
39
where do you find quartzite in ireland
mount errigal co donegal
40
how does quatrtzite found
forms from contact metamorphism which alyters the physcial and chemcial propertie sof sandstone. It formed 400 million ya when the na and eurasian plate collided, folding layers of sedimentary rocks. As the rock folded magma forced its way into crust and the instense heat and pressure chnaged graisn of sand into quartz. Silica minerals in rock melt and fill pores between quatz and melt them togetehr this process also destroys the strata of sandstone. It means it is much harder than sandstone
41
what is the hardest type of rock
metamorphic as it is exposed to more instense pressure so are denser
42
how do humans interact with rock cycle
geothermal energy production - iceland
43
what are the uses of limestone
make cement farmers use it to reduce acidityof soil
44
what are uses of sandstone
paving stone or building blocka
45
what are the uses of marble
countertops and tiles and ornamnets
46
what are the uses of quatzite
crushed used as road chippings countertops
47
uses of granite are
contrustion of buildings countertops
48
basalt used for what
road chippings floor tiles
49
geothermal energy works how
It uses heat from igneous rocks to heat water and generate steam to drive turbines and product electricity
50
where is iceland located thta makes it good for geothermal energy production
it is on a divergent plate boundary between na and eurasian plate. As the platesare seperating magama rises close to the surface so there are high tempretures close to surface. Its high concentration of volcanoes and hotspots are evidence of this. It has a great natural advnatage to generate electricity
51
describe the process of genertaing the electircity in iceland
power stations pipe cold water deep underground where it is heated by the high temps of the igneous rocks which turns it to water vapour whcih drive turbines are produces electrivity
52
how does geothermal energy prodyction produce hot water for icelamd
magma close to the surface heats nearby water which stays liquid due to the pressure of overlying rock. The water is then used to supply home siwht hot water and bsuiensses including over 150 pools they have so much energy that they can even heat footpaths
53
what othe uses does geothermal energy ahve in iceland
it is self sufficne t in food production as it can use the heat to warm greenhouses so it doenst need to rely on europe now geothermally heated water is used to create optimum temps of water for the growth of salmon, trout in fish farms it is a tourist attraction with its geothermal pools. One power plant uses mineral rick water to heat a nearby lake calle dblue lagoon which is now a tourist hotspot with water kept at 40 degrees. 400,000 tourists visit each year and generate money for economy
54
what precentage of iceland uses geothermal energy for hetaing
89
55
what are some other positives of geothermal energy production
it has plans to export geothermal elctricity to europe with undersea cables meauring 1170km as it is acheap source of energy that they can profit from It reduces the amount of moeny they spend on food Makes iceland more eco friendly as they would have 40% higher co2 emissions without this source energy costs would be five times higher low cost electicty has caused rapid industrial developemnt in the last 25 years Reykavik is thr clenaest capital in the western world

Geography (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions