rock cycle Flashcards

1
Q

what is a mineral

A

naturally occurring inorganic crystalline solids that have a particular chemical composition

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2
Q

what is a rock

A

interlocking or bonded grains of minerals

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3
Q

what is an outcrop/exposure

A

exposed rock surfaces

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4
Q

what are silicate rocks

A

made of silica
1/3 of all rocks
90% of earth crust

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5
Q

what are examples of silicate rocks

A

quartz and pottassium

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6
Q

what are carbonate rocks

A

made of carbonate minerals
calcite is main component of animal shells and skeletons

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7
Q

what is an example of carbonate rock

A

Limestone

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8
Q

What classifies as Igneous rocks

A

Aphanitic and phaneritic rocks

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9
Q

what are aphanitic rock

A

rapid cooling
volcanic (extrusive):outside

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10
Q

what are phaneritic rocks

A

slow cooling
plutonic (intrusive): inside

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11
Q

examples of aphanitic rocks

A

rhyolite, andesite, basalt, komatiite

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12
Q

example of phaneritic rocks

A

granite, diorite, gabbro, peridotite

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13
Q

how are sedimentary rocks formed

A

weathering (breaking down) and erosion (transportation)

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14
Q

what are sedimentary rocks compacted of

A

plant and animal remains

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15
Q

what are the processes of Lithification

A
  1. sediments accumulate
  2. sediments get compacted by weight
  3. sediments are cemented by minerals
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16
Q

what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks

A
  1. Detrital sedimentary rock
  2. Chemical sedimentary rock
  3. Biochemical sedimentary rock
17
Q

what are detrital sedimentary rocks

A

composed of clasts - fragments that came from pre-existing rocks

18
Q

what is an example of detrital sedimentary rocks

19
Q

what are chemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks

A

minerals that were extracted from solution by inorganic chemical processes or organisms

20
Q

what is a example of chemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks

21
Q

what are the 3 branches of rocks

A

Igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

22
Q

how do metamorphic rocks form

A

when igneous and sedimentary rocks are put under heat and pressure

23
Q

what are the 3 types of metamorphic changes of a rock

A
  1. Compositional
  2. Textural
  3. Foliated
24
Q

what happens when a metamorphic rock is compositional

A

new minerals are formed

25
what happens when a metamorphic rock is textural
minerals are aligned
26
what happens when a metamorphic rock is foliated
it is a combination of compositional and textural changes
27
what caused metamorphism
heat lithostatic pressure - deep in earth differential pressure - uneven pressure fluid activity
28
types of metamorphism
regional metamorphism dynamic metamorphism contact metamorphism
29
what is regional metamorphism
Large areas that are deep in earth
30
what is dynamic metamorphism
faults - rocks sliding against each other
31
what is contact metamorphism
high heat due to magma