rock cycle Flashcards
what is a mineral
naturally occurring inorganic crystalline solids that have a particular chemical composition
what is a rock
interlocking or bonded grains of minerals
what is an outcrop/exposure
exposed rock surfaces
what are silicate rocks
made of silica
1/3 of all rocks
90% of earth crust
what are examples of silicate rocks
quartz and pottassium
what are carbonate rocks
made of carbonate minerals
calcite is main component of animal shells and skeletons
what is an example of carbonate rock
Limestone
What classifies as Igneous rocks
Aphanitic and phaneritic rocks
what are aphanitic rock
rapid cooling
volcanic (extrusive):outside
what are phaneritic rocks
slow cooling
plutonic (intrusive): inside
examples of aphanitic rocks
rhyolite, andesite, basalt, komatiite
example of phaneritic rocks
granite, diorite, gabbro, peridotite
how are sedimentary rocks formed
weathering (breaking down) and erosion (transportation)
what are sedimentary rocks compacted of
plant and animal remains
what are the processes of Lithification
- sediments accumulate
- sediments get compacted by weight
- sediments are cemented by minerals
what are the 3 types of sedimentary rocks
- Detrital sedimentary rock
- Chemical sedimentary rock
- Biochemical sedimentary rock
what are detrital sedimentary rocks
composed of clasts - fragments that came from pre-existing rocks
what is an example of detrital sedimentary rocks
Sandstone
what are chemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks
minerals that were extracted from solution by inorganic chemical processes or organisms
what is a example of chemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks
limestone
what are the 3 branches of rocks
Igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic
how do metamorphic rocks form
when igneous and sedimentary rocks are put under heat and pressure
what are the 3 types of metamorphic changes of a rock
- Compositional
- Textural
- Foliated
what happens when a metamorphic rock is compositional
new minerals are formed
what happens when a metamorphic rock is textural
minerals are aligned
what happens when a metamorphic rock is foliated
it is a combination of compositional and textural changes
what caused metamorphism
heat
lithostatic pressure - deep in earth
differential pressure - uneven pressure
fluid activity
types of metamorphism
regional metamorphism
dynamic metamorphism
contact metamorphism
what is regional metamorphism
Large areas that are deep in earth
what is dynamic metamorphism
faults - rocks sliding against each other
what is contact metamorphism
high heat due to magma
