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Geology > Evolution > Flashcards

Evolution Flashcards

1
Q

what is the tree of life

A

relationships between organisms represented by a single branching tree

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2
Q

how does a tree of life work

A

species are clustered into groups with similar traits

all extinct species can be traced back to a single common ancestor

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3
Q

what are species

A

similar individuals that are able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring

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4
Q

what is speciation

A

formation on a new species from ancestral one

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5
Q

what are the two different models of evolution

A
  1. phyletic gradualism
  2. punctuated equilibrium
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6
Q

what is phyletic gradualism

A

accumulation of minor changes in a population

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7
Q

what is punctuated equilibrium

A

minor changes in a species for long periods, punctuated by rapid change over short periods

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8
Q

what is a benefit of extinction

A

gives rise to opportunities for the evolution of new species

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9
Q

what are the two types of evolution

A

microevolution
macroevolution

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10
Q

what is microevolution

A

evolutionary changes within a species

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11
Q

what is an example of microevolution

A

resistance to insecticide

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12
Q

what is macroevolution

A

the origin of a new species, orders, and classes

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13
Q

what is an example of macroevolution

A

amphibians evolving from fish

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14
Q

what is convergent evolution

A

similar body shapes without recent common ancestors

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15
Q

what is parallel evolution

A

common ancestor that look similar

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16
Q

what is embryology

A

embryos of many vertebrates similar for most of development

17
Q

what are homologous structures

A

anatomical structures in different organisms that have same ancestral origin but serve different function

18
Q

what are analogous structures

A

body parts that serve the same function but differ in structure and development

19
Q

what are vestigial structures

A

leftover bones/muscles that we no longer use

20
Q

what are cladistics

A

grouping organisms based on characteristics

21
Q

what is the purpose of cladistics

A

showing evolutionary changes among group of organisms

22
Q

what is a cladogram

A

shows relationships among members of a clade

Geology (11 decks)

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