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Year 8 Science > Rock And Minerals > Flashcards

Rock And Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

A solid inorganic substance.

A

Minerals

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2
Q

The outer part of the earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

A

lithosphere

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3
Q

A very hot mixture of molten rock and gases, just below the Earth’s surface.

A

Magma

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4
Q

A matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid.

A

Sediments

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5
Q

Elements that occur in nature in an uncombined form with a distinct mineral structure

A

native elements

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6
Q

a solid material that is arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a lattice that extends in all directions.

A

crystals

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7
Q

a gentle sheen or soft glow

A

lustre

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8
Q

colour of a mineral, found by rubbing it onto an unglazed white ceramic tile

A

streak

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9
Q

a measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material.

A

Hardness

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10
Q

the process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents

A

Erosion

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11
Q

denoting rocks composed of broken pieces of older rocks.

A

Clastic

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12
Q

relating to chemistry, or the interactions of substances as studied in chemistry.

A

Chemical

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13
Q

relating to or derived from living matter.

A

Organic

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14
Q

the remains or impression of a prehistoric plant or animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form

A

Fossils

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15
Q

rocks that form from the cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air from a volcanic eruption

A

igneous rocks

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16
Q

igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

A

extrusive rocks

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17
Q

a very light and porous volcanic rock formed when a gas-rich froth of glassy lava solidifies rapidly.

A

pumice

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18
Q

basaltic lava ejected as fragments from a volcano, typically with a frothy texture.

A

scoria

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19
Q

capable of polishing or cleaning a hard surface by rubbing or grinding

A

abrasive

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20
Q

A dark fine-grained volcanic rock that sometimes displays a columnar structure, typically composed mainly of plagioclase with pyroxene and olivine.

A

basalt

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21
Q

a hard, dark, glass-like volcanic rock formed by the rapid solidification of lava without crystallization.

A

Obsidian

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22
Q

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

A

intrusive rocks

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23
Q

a very large igneous intrusion extending to an unknown depth in the earth’s crust.

A

batholiths

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24
Q

a very hard, granular, crystalline, igneous rock consisting mainly of quartz, mica, and feldspar and often used as a building stone.

A

granite

25
Q

rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice. The sediments are cemented together in layers, under pressure.

A

sedimentary rocks

26
Q

the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

A

erosion

27
Q

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

A

floodplains

28
Q

large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

A

glaciers

29
Q

the deposit left by the movement of a glacier

A

moraines

30
Q

sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains. The sand grains are cemented together by silica, lime or other salts.

A

sandstone

31
Q

a fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

A

mudstone

32
Q

a fine-grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

A

shale

33
Q

sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

A

siltstone

34
Q

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

A

conglomerate

35
Q

alteration of the composition or structure of rock by heat, pressure, or other natural agency.

A

metamorphism

36
Q

rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure

A

metamorphic rocks

37
Q

a hard crystalline metamorphic form of limestone, typically white with coloured mottlings or streaks, which may be polished and is used in sculpture and architecture.

A

marble

38
Q

a metamorphic rock with a banded or foliated structure, typically coarse-grained and consisting mainly of feldspar, quartz, and mica.

A

gneiss

39
Q

an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth’s crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, and further melting and igneous intrusion.

A

Rock cycle

40
Q

rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemical within them

A

mineral ores

41
Q

extraction of natural resources from the Earth

A

mining

42
Q

study of the possible effects of a planned project on the environment

A

environmental impact statement

43
Q

restored to its previous condition

A

rehabilitated

44
Q

waste rock removed from below the topsoil. This rock is replaced when the area is restored.

A

overburden

45
Q

mining that scours out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

A

open-cut mining

46
Q

mining that uses shafts and tunnels to remove rocks from deep below the surface

A

underground mining

47
Q

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

A

stone age

48
Q

a mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

A

alloy

49
Q

a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

A

flint

50
Q

a process in which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones, such as quartzite, to shear large flakes that could be used to make small tools

A

percussion flaking

51
Q

any remains, impression, or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age; evidence of life in the past

A

fossil

52
Q

the buckling of rocks. It is caused when rocks are under pressure from both sides.

A

folding

53
Q

a scientist who studies fossils

A

palaeontologists

54
Q

the age of a rock compared with the age of another rock

A

relative age

55
Q

an animal that eats other animals

A

carnivores

56
Q

animals that eat dead plant and animal material

A

scavengers

57
Q

the cavity in a rock that shows the shape of the hard parts of an organism; types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

A

mould

58
Q

fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints, that an organism was present when the rock was formed

A

trace fossils

59
Q

describes volcanoes that are no longer active. Extinct volcanoes have not erupted for thousands of years and show no sign of a future eruption.

A

extinct

Year 8 Science (5 decks)

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